A.A. Romanenko, V.M. Kildyushkin, A.G. Soldatenko, E.G. Zhivotovskaya
Krasnodar Scientific-Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko, Tsentral’naya usad’ba KNIISH, Krasnodar-12, 350012, Russian Federation
Summary. In a long-term stationary test (1974-2010) in the grain-grass-row crop rotation it was studied the influence of different fertilization systems and cultivation technologies on fertility of leached chernozem and productivity of winter wheat. Cultivation of crops for 30 years without any fertilization by traditional tillage methods led to humus losses at the topsoil 0-30 cm by 0.32% out of the initial content (3.62%). Applying of the average dosage of mineral fertilizer decreased losses of humus significantly up to 0.17-0.20%, while applying it with 40 t/ha of manure caused humus reproduction by 0.07%. With the rise of fertilizer dosage from minimum to higher one, the effective fertility of soil increased as well as content of nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchange potassium. At the same time soil acidity, bulk density, compactibility raised, which inhibits the growth of crop yield, including winter wheat. Different soil tillage, fertilizer systems, application of ameliorant (defecation residues) were included in the experiment since 2000, which, in combination with three fields with legume crop, allowed preventing of humus losses and increasing in crop yield. The highest yield of winter wheat was obtained at the traditional technology (25-27 cm plowing + surface tillage at 6-8 cm for cereals) in the variants with increased dose of NPK + ameliorant. It was 6.9 t/ha. It was slightly lower at decompressing and nonmoldboard tillage. Decompressing tillage consists of chisel cultivation at 38-40 cm for row crops + surface one at 6-8 cm for grain crops. The productivity in this variant was 6.64 t/ha. Nonmoldboard tillage consists of permanent treatment at 14-16 cm for all crops in the rotation. The yield in this variant was 6.5 t/ha. Applied ameliorant significantly decreased hydrolytic acidity from 5.5-5.6 to 3.5-3.1 mg-eq/100g of soil.
Keywords: soil fertility, fertilizer, technology, tillage system, humus, nutrients, ameliorant, winter wheat, productivity, monocrop, fallow land, fallow.
Author Details: A.A. Romanenko, member of the RAS, director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.M. Kildyushkin, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow; A.G. Soldatenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow, E.G. Zhivotovskaya, senior research fellow.
For citation: Romanenko A.A., Kildyushkin V.M., Soldatenko A.G., Zhivotovskaya E.G. Influence of Different Technologies and Fertilization Systems on Soil Fertility and Productivity of Winter Wheat. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No 3. Pp. 26-29 (In Russ.).