N.N. Grigorieva
Yakutsk State Agricultural Academy, ul. Krasilnikova, 15, Yakutsk, 677007, Russian Federation
Summary. It is presented the observations of functional adaptation mechanisms to low temperatures under different climatic conditions of the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia. In order to ensure adequately the physiological needs under conditions of the North, it is necessary to strengthen energy metabolism, which is largely related to the activity of transaminases. The metabolism of Yakut and Prilenskaya horses had an expressed seasonal manifestation and was accompanied by a significant change of substrate activity: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, glucose. The highest activity of AST during spring and winter were found in the Ust-Aldan population of the Yakut horse breed: 4794.29 ± 0.98 and 4300.8 ± 0.81ncat/l, respectively. The significant increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase during spring in this population (3083.9 ± 1.50 ncat/l, p is less 0.001), conjugate with a significant decrease in glucose levels (3.70 ± 0.26 mmol/l, p is less 0.05), indicates an intensification of carbohydrate metabolism to maintain and restore the protein through the glucose-alanine shunt. Changes in the activity of these enzymes indicate a mobile switching of protein and carbohydrate metabolism that confirms that Ust-Aldan population of the Yakut horse breed is more resistant to low ambient temperature in comparison animals of the Prilenskaya breed. Differences in body reactions of the studied breeds to seasonal changes in the environment were expressed in the dynamics of changes in glycolipid metabolism. High level of triglycerides in blood of the Prilenskaya horses in spring (1.24 ± 0.10 mmol/l) and its significant decrease during winter (0.75 ± 0.24 mmol/l), with multiple overshoot of standards (0.11-1.14 mmol/l) compared to the Yakut breed animals, proved wasteful consumption of plastic reserves and energy, inherent for these horses.
Keywords: horses, extreme conditions, metabolism, enzymes, glycolipids, glucose, adaptation.
Author Details: N.N. Grigorieva, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Grigorieva N.N. Peculiarities of Metabolism in Bodies of Horses of Yakut and Prilenskaya Breeds in Different Seasons. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V. 30. No. 9. Pp. 95-98 (in Russ.).