UDK 338.2
Our vision of development meat animal husbandry of Russia till 2020
N.I. Strekozov, A.V. Chinarov 
Summary. Animal husbandry problems, based on the Russian Federation commitments to join the World Trade Organization, are viewed. Positive aspects for the livestock industry from the Russia’s accession to the WTO are identified.
Keywords: World Trade Organization, animal husbandry, import, regulation, government support.

UDK 31:636
Analysis of meat production main parameters changes in the world
A.M. Kholmanov, S.A. Dankvert, O.Yu. Osadchaya, V.F. Lishchenko
Summary. On the basis of extensive statistical information of FAO UN and our own calculations the analysis of main parameters changes in meat sector of the world animal breeding for the last 50-60 years was done. Population of live farm animals of different species increased in different ways during the period from 1950 to 2010. So, the population of poultry increased 6.4 times, pigs – 3.3 times, cattle – 2 times, sheep – 1.4 times. The number of animals slaughtered for meat increased significantly. The proportion between slaughtered and live animals, characterizing the efficacy of the meat sector of every animal breeding branch, also rose and reached the value of 2.76 in poultry breeding, 1.42 in pig breeding, 0.5 in sheep breeding, 0.2 in cattle breeding in 2010. The weight of a carcass, which is a final product of raising and fattening of animals, grew up to 205.3 kg in cattle (+29.0 %), up to 79.4 kg in pigs (+20.7 %), up to 15.9 kg in sheep (+6.7 %), up to 1.7 kg in poultry (+30.8 %) in 2010. In 2010 in the world the meat production per one head was 113.1 kg in pig breeding, 40.5 kg in cattle breeding, 7.9 kg in sheep breeding, 4.6 kg in poultry breeding. In 2010 it was produced 15.8 kg of pork, 14.2 kg of poultry meat, 9.5 kg of beef, 1.2 kg of mutton per capita. Global production of all kinds of meat increased from 71.4 to 298.8 million tons, or 4.1 times within 50 years. Its main producers were China, the USA, Brazil, Germany, and Russia, accounting for 54.5 % of world production. Pork and poultry meat became the main kinds of meat in the last decade, reaching 70.8 % in the world balance.
Keywords: pigs, poultry, cattle, sheep, population, carcass, meat production, total, per capita

UDK 631.15:33
Economic security approaches competitiveness of dairy cattle
V.I. Chinarov, N.I. Strekozov, O.V. Bautina
Summary. The situation of the unequal price competition which has developed in domestic market of milk demands a certain regulation and support from the state as it practises in the countries with the developed agrarian sector. We offered the price mechanism of stimulation of increase in marketability of made milk in all categories of managing.
Keywords: state regulation, milk market, pricing, support of a producer.

UDK 636.4.082.2
Economic effect from carcasses sorting according to meat yield
A.I. Rud, P.V. Larionova, O.P. Zybkina O.G. Orechov, A.A. Zabolotnaya
Summary. At the EU countries hog carcasses are valued and paid by the meat yield, in Russia – by the level of backfat at the control point. The great majority of hog carcasses (80-90%) relates to the second category and could be transformed to sausages, semi-products etc or could be sold as sides. The researches made with 1640 Large White hogs at LLC “Verdazernoproduct” has found that hogs with the backfat level from 1 to 3 cm (the second category) have the meat yield (calculated alive by the Scangrade (USA)) which could verify from 43% to 67% with the average level through the group 50.1%. With the reduction of intensity of hogs selecting by meat yield from 10% to 90% the difference between the average value of the above figure of selected hogs and inside the group average value have gone down from 7,0% to 1,2%. The 1% meat yield increasing from 50% to 51% brings the additional economic effect of 2,1 rubbles to 1 kilo of hog carcass or 1,7 rubbles to 1 kilo of the hogs body weigh which go slaughtering. Using the researches results done at LLC “Verdazernoproduct” at the Meat Packing House “Yasnie Zori” allows to forecast the economic effect from the second category hog carcasses sorting by the meat yield with the recalculation for 1000 heads from 190,5 to 243,4 thousands rubbles. The efficiency variations depend on the proportion of hog carcasses going to processing and sailing. The maximum relative economic effect of 243.4 thousands rubbles is forecasted with the processing and sailing hogs carcasses proportion of 60:40.
Keywords: pig carcass classification, live weight, lean yield, fat depth.

UDK 581.524.12/.3
Тhe competition between the ages – is the main factor that regulates the restoration succession in vegetation of the earth and its overcoming
D.S. Dzybov
Summary. In the herbaceous vegetation identified a new factor controller suktses-dispersion process. It is named mezhvozrastnoy competition. It is caused by Vaeth-stage recovery in the zonal vegetation. In the natural initial conditions, these stages can not be avoided and overcome. For this reason, reducing secondary succession can last over 100 years old. The new method allows you to block Agrosteppe weed stage and in 2-3 years to build a new steppe-Agrosteppe, similar to the basic characteristics of wild steppe zone. The method is successfully Agrosteppe can solve the problem of global biodiversity and the fight against Desertification of the Earth at an exponential rate, it is simple, accessible, environmentally and economically very efficient.
Keywords: Agrosteppe, mezhvozrastnaya competition, biodiversity, dominant, succession, flora, phytocenosis

UDK 633.63
Dynamics of sugar beet productivity in Belgorod region
S.V. Lukin
Summary. The article analyses statistical data for 1964-2011 on total yields and productivity of sugar beet, depending on doses of organic and mineral fertilizers in Belgorod region. In recent years (2007-2011) in Belgorod region the average sugar beet productivity was 30.2 t/ha, which is 11 % higher than in 1986-1990. At that, doses of applied organic and mineral fertilizers decreased by 62 % and 26 %, correspondingly.
Keywords: sugar beet, productivity, total yield, cultivation area, fertilizers, black soil.

UDK:(633.13+631.8) 470.331 
The use of new species of fertilizers and in nanomaterial technology of cultivation of oats
Z.I. Usanova, A.S. Vasilev
Summary. The purpose of research – to identify the relative effectiveness of the nanomaterial and new types of fertilizers for foliar fertilizing oats in its cultivation technology in the Upper Volga.  Comprehensive studies were performed in the three-factor field experiment in 2010 – 2011 years. a well-cultivated sod-medium residual carbonate gleyey sandy soil on the moraine. The two backgrounds of mineral nutrition (factor A): without fertilizer and manure nitrogen (N45) with a surface feeding in the seedling stage was studied for two terms foliar feedings (factor B): a phase – tillering and booting different types of fertilizers (factor C): complex trace element – Akvadon-Micro, humic – MAX Super-Gumat, bacterial – Azotofosfin, as well as colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles (AgBion-2). Control – a version without foliar feedings.  It was revealed that the timing of foliar feedings did not significantly affect the yield of oats. Nitrogen fertilization of shoots (N45) increases it, an average of variants of factor C, 0,71 t / ha (32,6%), conditional net revenue per hectare by 2,28 rub. (52,1%), rate of return of 8,2%. All types of fertilizers and foliar nanosilver for getting close to provide increases of harvest: the unfertilized background in the tillering stage 0,42 – 0,51 t/ha (21,3 – 25,2%), and the fertilized – backgrounds, respectively, 0, 37 – 0,55 t/ha (15,0 – 21,1%) and 0,38 – 0,46 t/ha (15,3 – 17,9%), with main effects NSR05 0,096 t/ha. The largest yield increase obtained by non-root fertilizing MAX Super-Gumatom.  The conclusion: in order to obtain the highest yield of oats foliar expediently carried out in the tillering stage in the fertilized background (N45). Preference is given to humic fertilizer MAX Super-Gumat that provides the greatest conditional net income per hectare – 7,65 rub., the level of profitability – 51,5% with a payback period of additional costs 9,24 rub./rub.
 Keywords: oats, nanomaterial, trace element complex, humic, bacterial fertilizers, crop structure, yield, cost-effectiveness.

UDK 633.11:631.82
The influence of levels chemization on the productivity spring wheat in central forest-steppe of Western Siberia
V.N. Shoba, V.K. Kalichkin
Summary. In article the materials of field experiments on study of influence of various levels chemization on productivity spring wheat «Novosibirskaya 29» are submitted. The experiences are carried out in central forest-steppe of Western Siberia on leached chernozem soil. Variants of experience: 1 level chemization (extensive technology) – herbicides; 2 levels chemization (normal technology) – herbicides, Р20 before sowing; 3 levels chemization (intensive technology) – herbicides, Р20 before sowing, N90 on second wheat after fallow land, fungicides, regulators of growth. Is shown, that on the average for 2007-2011 years the productivity spring wheat after fallow land at 1 level chemization is 2,91 t/hectares, at 2 level is 3,42 t/hectares, at 3 level is 4,78 t/hectares. The productivity second wheat after fallow land was accordingly 2,51, 2,83 and 4,65 t/hectares. In most favorable 2007 and 2009 the productivity spring wheat after fallow land at 2 level reached 3,68-4,00 t/hectares, at 3 level – 5,60-6,26 t/hectares. The double application humate and microfertilizers provides an increase of productivity wheat on 0,30 – 0,50 t/hectares. In comparison with an extensive level the application of means chemization provides increase of productivity wheat at 2 level up to 0,78-0,91 t/hectares, at 3 level – up to 2,17-2,64 t/hectares. Increasing intensification of technologies lead to reduce first cost of manufacture from 3,3 up to 2,9 thousand ruble/ton.
Keywords: spring wheat, climate, leached chernozem soil, fertilizer, regulators of growth, microfertilizers, extensive, normal and intensive technologies, the productivity, first cost.

UDK:633.18:631.51:631.582
Periods and ways of the processing of ground under sort of the rice diamant and rapan on predecessor lucerne 2 year to lifes
A.Ch. Udzhuhu, S.A. Shevel’, E.E. Chelnokova, T.H. Dzharimok
Summary. The Studied influence of the different periods and ways, including advanced systems main and before sowing of the processing of ground under rice after lucerne of the second year to lifes on agriphysical and agricultural chemistry factors of rice ground. The Motivated advantage of the spring processing of ground under rice after lucerne of the second year to lifes in contrast with autumn processing. Will Revealled optimum ways main and before sowing of the processing of ground under production under study sort. It Is Given scientifically-practical and economic motivation of production rice after autumn and spring deep, small without mouldboard of ground, surrface and zero before sowing of the processing of ground. The Called on studies allow to recommend the producing rice facilities Krasnodarskogo edges optimum agrictechnical actions under production rice, providing increasing economic justified harvest rice with high quality croups, as well as conservation and increasing of the fertility of ground.
Keywords: sort of the rice, periods and ways of the processing of ground, track record of the ammonium nitrogen, productivity, cost-performance.

UDK. 633.15 
Efficiency of different corn hybrids for silage in growing
V.M. Duborezov, V.N. Vinogradov, Y.M. Kakotkin, M.E. Duborezovа
Summary. We found that the non-chernozem zone under favorable weather conditions corn can produce a high yield of vegetative mass. The maximum possible biological productivity of the vegetative mass of the hybrids tested ranged from 674 to 981ts/ga. The economic yield an average of seven hybrids was 421ts/ga. Under adverse weather maximum economic yield of maize was 263ts/ga, and an average of seven hybrids – 209ts/ga, which is two times lower than that under favorable conditions. In terms of energy and protein value of silage made from corn grown under favorable weather conditions, had higher rates compared with silage made from corn grown under adverse weather conditions. 
Keywords: maize, hybrids, cultivation, vegetation phase, the green mass, cobs, crop yields.

UDK 636.2.087.73
Efficiency of the vitamin  B4 (choline) in rations of high productive  dairy cows
M.G. Chabaev, S.I. Tjutjunik, R.V. Nekrasov, M.A. Verotchenko, E.V. Perevoznikova
Summary. It was carry out experiment to study the effect of the levels protected vitamin B4 ( choline) in rations for crossbred Black White and Holstein breeds high productive lactating cows. The use of 0,8; 1,9; and 1,2 g/kg of milk vitamin B4 increased milk productivity of cows for 5,3-5,9% and simultaneously decreased feed expenditures per unite of milk production. These data are supported by physiological investigations: cows of the experimental groups digested dry matter of diet for 2,5-3,1%, protein for 2,2-2,5% fiber for 1,7-2,2% and non nitrogen extracted substances for 3,1-3,5% in comparison with control (without B4). According to results of experiment we recommend to use the vitamin B4  for lactating high productive cows during the early period of lactation 1 g/kg of milk.
Keywords: dairy cows, ration, vitamin B4 (choline), digestion, protein.    

UDK 612.015.3+637.12.05
Normalisation of metabolism and increase milr quality in finst colving cows during of transition period
Y.P. Fomichev, Z.A. Netecha, A.A. Necrasov, N.N. Sulima, E.K. Eskov, A.Y. Nicanov, S.A. Lashin
Summary. The application Ekokor, consisting of dihydroqurcetine, L-carnitine and choline, as feed additive, for first calving cows during transition period of lactation prevented a development of ketosis and POL in organism and increase its antioxidative ability. In result of this per day milk production of experimental cow during first 100 days after calving wos higher on 5,0% and milk fat contented less peroxides, hydroperoxides and free fatty acids, what about testifed more less significances of iodine, peroxide and acidity nambers on 22,4, 46,2 and 44,0% correspondently them in control cows. In milk of experimental cows content of ketonic bodys were low and its content dihydroqurcetine in amaunt of 0,01 mg/kg and more higher level, on 31,4%, of L-carnitin at similar content of choline.
Keywords: finst colving caw, transition period, metabolism, ketosis, peroxide oxidation of lipids, antiaxidative capacity, dihydroqurcetine, L-carnitin, cholin, milk production.

UDK 636.2.087.7/8 
Physiological and productive effects of karmecell multicomponent additive in cattle rations
I.Yu. Prokhorov, V.N. Romanov, M.A. Verotchenko, V.A. Devyatkin, G.V. Ivanova
Summary. The aim of physiological and scientific production researches was to study the efficiency of Karmecell patented feed multicomponent additive for subsequent using in dairy cattle.  Physiological researches and balance experiences for digestibility of feed nutrients were conducted under the VIZh vivarium circumstances in 6 analog black-and-white bull-calves of 240 kg live weight operated for making fistulas in the rumen. Karmecell in a dose of 77 g a day in all-mash mix was fed to 3 animals from the experimented group during 30 days. As for scientific production experiences in high productive cows grouped by 8-10 heads, Karmecell was fed for animals from the experimented groups by 200 g/head a day during 20 days before and 20 days after calving, and further by 100g/head a day during 90 days of lactation. Under the additive influence, microbiological mass of bacteria increased by 107.3% (p<0,05) before and 33.1% (p<0,001) after feeding, as for protozoa – 15.9% (p<0,01) and 13.3% (p<0,01), respectively. Up-to-date T-RFLP analysis technique allowed us to certify the change in species composition. Herewith significant increases in cellulolytic bacteria of Lachnospiraceae family (p<0,05) and of Ruminococcaceae (p<0,01) were ascertained as before feeding and after it with increasing amylolytics in the rumen contents of animals from the experimented group. Alongside with it, reliability of distinction in reduction of Enterobacteriaceae (p<0,01) including considerable quantity of pathogenic microorganisms,  Fusobacteria causing necrobacterioses, and Campylobacteriaceae as a causative agent of campilobacterial masitis were revealed. Changing in directness of microbial processes contributed to 5.9% increase in VFA before feeding and 1,2,3,4, hours later after feeding as 22.5% (p<0,05) , 11.4% (p<0,01),  11.0%, 16.2% , respectively. Against the background of increase in feed eatability of animals from the experimented group, increases in quantity and in coefficients of visible eatability in nutrients were stated: dry and organic by 2.6%, crude protein by 1.1%, crude fat by 12.3% (p<0,05), crude cellulose by 13.4% (p<0,05). Coefficient of nitrogen utilization in animals fed with the additive increased by 6.9 absolute percent at nitrogen deposition increase in a body by 12.7%. On the basis of decadely test milking it was stated that Karmecell additive use without advanced concentrate feeding for increasing milk capacity of holsteinized black-and-white cattle against the background of economic regions enables milk productivity gain by 8.8-10.8%.
Keywords: bioactive substances, digestion, digestibility, metabolism, milk productivity, cattle.

UDK 636.087.8.
Zellobacterin in the diets of bulls and lambs
V.G. Dvalishvili, J.J. Kindsfater
Summary. For the purpose of studying of efficiency of application of a probiotics zellobacterin  in compound feeds for ruminants 2 scientific and economic experiences are carried out: the first on the fattened bull-calves, the second on lambs. In experience on bull-calves there were 3 groups, on lambs  – 2 groups. The preparation was set to bull-calves of skilled groups of calculation of 0,2 % (2 skilled group) and 0,5 % (3 skilled group) a probiotics from amount of set compound feed, and lambs  of skilled group consumed 0,5 % zellobacterin  from amount of compound feed in a diet.  It is established that the additive of 0,2 % zellobacterin  from weight of compound feed for bull-calves and 0,5 % - for lambs raises a to digest of all nutrients of diets, especially celluloses (at bull-calves for 3,3 %, at lambs on 5,3 %), daily body gains  masses of a body for 8,91-8,98 %, meat and wool  efficiency, quality of meat and wool, during too time decrease costs of forages of 1 kg of a gain of weight of a body at bull-calves on 6,3 MDj, at lambs  on 4,0 MDj. For efficiency increase feeding bull-calves and lambs it is recommended to include in composition of compound feed respectively 0,2 and 0,5 % zellobacterin from weight of a consumed forage.
Keywords: probiotics, zellobacterin , gobies, cowslip, meat, wool, food, rations, the costs of feed digestibility of the feed, micro flora, fiber, the quality of meat, animal feed, histology of the skin, biochemistry of blood.

UDK 636.2.087.8:576.8
The efficiency of the new probiotic-enzyme additives for calves
R.V. Nekrasov, N.I. Anisova, A.A. Ovchinnikov, N.A. Meleshko, N.A. Ushakova
Summary. It was carried two experiments to study the new probiotic on the base Bacillus subti-lis: mono-component additive and complex of diluted probiotic with enzymes in starters for the growing dairy calves prior to weaning. Results demonstrated that the mono-component probiotic at the level 0,05 and 0,1% (on the starter mass) increased daily gain of calves for 11,9 and 13,1% (р<0,05) corresponding, probiotic-enzyme complex at the level 0,7% on the starter mass in-creased daily gain calves for 10,7% (р<0,01) in comparison with control. Another data of expe-riments and calve blood analysis support the efficiency of new probiotic-enzyme additives for young calves. 
Keywords: calves, additive, probiotic, enzyme, daily gain, Bacillus subtilis.

UDK 636.082.12
Evaluation of similarity of gene orders in agricultural animals
V.A. Bagirov, P.M. Klenovitsky, B. Lolchiev, N.A. Zinovieva
Summary. The method for calculating the similarity degree of gene orders among animals is proposed. Similarity of gene sequences of four species of mammals is studied. Goats and sheep are characterized by the greatest degree of similarity.
Keywords: genome, genetic map, similarity degree, chromosomes, chromosome maps.
UDK 636.082.12:575.113
Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of PCR for species identification of cows, pigs and chickens
E.N. Konovalova, O.V. Vavilova, E.A. Gladyr, N.A. Zinovieva
Summary. Using developed method of PCR analysis of mtDNA cytochrome B gene (cyt b) the universality of PCR method for identification of animal DNA of three species (bovine, Bos Taurus, pig, Sus scrofa domestica, chicken, Gallus gallus) was evaluated. The specificity of developed method in dependence of sample type, method of treatment (mechanical, temperature and chemical) was studied. The application of method for analysis of mixed products (two and more animal species) was shown. The analysis were performed on 72 samples of different origin: beef broth, sausage of three kinds, cooked chicken of two kinds, cow milk of two types, mayonnaise, pork, paste from beef liver, pie, cheese of three kinds, products of cottage cheese of two types, minced meat from single and mixed raw meat of four kinds, chicken eggs, ear samples of cattle and pigs, cattle hair samples, chicken feather. Using PCR amplification the species specific amplification of raw products and products after mechanical, temperature, mechanical and temperature, temperature and chemical treatment was achieved in 100 per cent of cases. The successful amplification of target sequences of conserved biological samples was achieved in 82.4 per cent cases. The developed method can be used by molecular genetics laboratories for species identification of products of animal origin. 
Keywords: animal species identification, Bos Taurus, Sus Scrofa, Gallus Gallus, PCR, cytochrome B, cyt b, mtDNA.

UDK 636.064; 573.7
Milk productivity of cows in dependence of the infection by BVL and genotype on BOLA-DRB3
E.A. Gladyr, N.A. Zinovieva, A.S. Bykova, I.V. Vinogradova, L.K. Ernst
Summary. Among animals of Black-and-White (n=302) and Red Gorbatov (n=156) breeds with different genotypes on BoLA-DRB3 the degree of BVL distribution was investigated using developed test-system for diagnostic of provirus form of the virus. In the group of homozygous carriers of BoLA-DRB 3, associated with genetic resistance to BVL (alleles 11, *23, *28=*7А), carriers of BVL lacked, while in groups of heterozygous carriers and non-carriers the degree of infection by BVL averaged 23.1 and 20.7 %. In Holsteined Black-and-White cows (n=267) reliably higher levels of milk yield (+588 kg, р≤0.05), fat content (+0.14 %, р≤0.05), milk fat content (+19.3 kg, p≤0.01), and protein content (+9.2 kg, р≤0.05) were ascertained. Similar trends were revealed in Red Gorbatov cows (n=133). These patterns retain in groups with different genotypes on BoLA-DRB in cows of both breeds.
Keywords: bovine leukemia virus, DNA-diagnostics, BоLA-DRB 3, milk productivity.

UDK 636.4.082.12
Polymorphism of melanocortin receptor gene MC4R and theit effect on the growth and meat productive traits of pigs
O.V. Kostjunina, N.A. Zinovieva, E.I. Sizareva, A.I. Kalugina, E.A. Gladyr, L.V. Getmantseva, M.S. Fornara, V.R. Kharzinova 
Summary. The study of G→A polymorphism in position 1426 of melanocortin receptor gene MC4R leading to the amino acid substitution Asp298Asn was carried out. The analysis was performed on 33 pig populations of different breed and origin (n=2072): Large White (9 populations), Landrace (8 populations), Duroc (4 populations), Yorkshire, Pietreain, Edelschwein, Livenskaja, Body, six different types of crosses and wild pig. The polymorphism of MC4R was detected using PCR RFLP analysis. The breed specific character of allele frequencies of MC4R gene was observed. The allele A frequency is varied of 6.7 per cent in Pietrain to 93.3 per cent in French Large White pigs. The higher frequency of allele A in Large White pigs (75.8±6.5 per cent) comparing to Landrace (34.4±5.7%, p<0.001) and Duroc (59.7±11.1 per cent) was observed. The breed aspect of MC4R allele frequency pattern was confirmed by analysis of variance: intra population variability of MC4R caused by breed effect was significantly higher comparing to within population variability. The breed factor effect was 18.4 per cent (p≤0,001). MC4R genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all pig populations analyzed. Analysis of growth and meat productive traits in dependence of MC4R genotype performed on nine groups of pure breed pigs and crosses of different origin showed the tendency of larger back fat and higher carcass length in pigs with AA genotype comparing to GG genotype. 
Keywords: pigs, gene of receptor melanocortin MC4R, polymorphism, productive indicators.

UDK 636.082.12/636.32/.38/577.21
Characteristics of romanov breed sheep on the gene of prion protein
E.A. Gladyr, N.A. Zinovieva, A.V. Guseva, A.V. Konovalov, G. Brem, L.K. Ernst
Summary. Polymorphism of the gene of prion protein was studied in Romanov breed sheep from 7 regional groups using developed test-system for gene-diagnostics of resistance of sheep to prurigo. The seven regional group were: the pedigree nursery “Kolos” (ROM 1, n=98), LLC “Tutaevo” (ROM 2, n=90), Yaroslavl region; a farm (ROM 3, n=211), Ryazan region; SPP “Rus” (ROM 4, n=45), Moscow region; a farm (ROM 5, n=23), Smolensk region; APC “Leninsky put”(ROM 6), Ivanovo region; FSUE “Kamchatskoe” (ROM 7, n=38), Kamchatka Krai. Genotyping results showed, that four alleles of prion protein: ARR, ARQ, AHQ and VRQ, were diagnosed in Romanov breed among eight alleles of this gene, detected in other sheep breeds in Russia. Desirable allele ARR was found in all regional groups with the frequency of occurrence from 1.32 to 28.06 % in animals from ROM 7 and ROM 1, correspondingly. Undesirable allele VRQ, the most sensitive to the action of pathological PrPRc, was identified in five of the seven populations, with a maximal frequency of its occurrence (11.84 %) noted in ROM 7. Calculation of the Shannon information index (I) showed greater genetic diversity of SNP on gene PRNP typical for sheep of gene-pool enterprises ROM 1 and ROM 2 (I=0.383±0.156 and 0.350±0.176, respectively) in comparison with other studied populations. Genetic equilibrium on gene PRNP doesn’t change in all studied populations, except of ROM 1 on codon 154 (р<0.01). Calculation of fixation index Fst showed that 93.2 % of all diversity is due to intrapopulation differences, and only 6.8 % of variety fall at interpopulation ones. In the study sample of Romanov sheep nine different genotypes were identified, which were attributed to five classes of genetic resistance to prurigo. Registration of polymorphism on gene PRNP will significantly improve genetic resistance of new animal generations to this disease, being included in breeding programs for sheep as an additional selection criterion.
Keywords: gene of prion protein (PRNP), DNA-diagnostics, gene markers, Romanov breed of sheep, genetic resistance, prurigo

UDK 636.2:575.174:577.212
Characteristic of allele pool of sychevskaja cattle breed population using microsatellites
D.N. Koltsov, V.V. Volkova, E.A. Gladyr, N.A. Zinoveva, A.A. Puzik
Summary. Genetic variation of ten DNA microsatellite loci TGLA126, ILST005, ETH185, TGLA122, ILST006, ETH10, ETH225, TGLA227, BM1818, BM2113 in Sychevskaja breed (n=88) and intra breed type «Vazuzskij» (n=45) was studied. The average number of alleles per locus was 8,0±0,86 in Sychevskaja breed and 7,2±0,80 in intra breed type, that indicates the insignificant decrease of genetic diversity comparing with initial breed. The privet alleles were identified in both populations that indicate their genetic originality. Analysis of the Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium showed the significant reveal in genotype frequencies of some genotypes of six microsatellite loci in Sychevskaja breed and in five microsatellite loci in intra breed type. The tendency of heterozygosity decrease comparing to expected heterozygosity degree on 7.2 and 12.7 per cent in studied populations was observed. The negative value of inbreeding coefficient Fis showed the some prevalence of homozygous alleles in populations analyzed. The part of within population variation (Rst AMOVA) was 99.87 per cent of total diversity whereas the intra population variation was 0.13 per cent.
Keywords: cattle, microsatellites, allele pool, locus, Sychevskaja breed, intra breed type «Vazuzskij».

UDK636.2.034: 575.174.015.3
Using of microsatellites for characteristics of allele pool of Tadzhikistan cattle populations 
E.A. Gladyr, N.A. Zinovieva, V.A. Bagirov, F.S. Amirshoev, V.V. Volkova, P.M. Klenovitskij, A.P. Karpov, L.K. Ernst
Summary. The molecular genetic characteristics of allele pool of cattle of Hatlonregion of Tadzhikistan: Tajik types of Black and White and Brown Swiss cattle, local zebu type cattle and two local crossbred population of Brown Swiss and Zebu cattle (F1 and F2). The microsatellites (11 loci) were used as the DNA markers. The number of alleles in different loci is varied of 2 in TGLA122 to 14 in TGLA227 and was in sum 108 alleles. The number of allelesper loci is varied of 8.27±0.84 in F1 population to 5.64±0.47 in Black and White cattle and was in average 6.96±0.31. Fifteen privet alleles were identified in cattle populations analyzed. The average heterozygote degree was 0.652±0.032. The heterozygote defficiency was detected in all population that is varied of4.63 to 12.26 per cent. The probability of genotypeidentity (PI) for all microsatelliteloci was lowerthen 1*10-10, the probability of exclusion for both parents known (PX1) and for only one parent known (PX2) was higher than 97.7 per cent, the probability of excluding of both parents was higher than 99,999 per cent. The construction and analysis of phylogenetic tree was performed. 
Keywords: microsatellites, genetic diversity, allele pool, Tajik cattle.

UDK 575.174.015.3
The study of informativity of the multiplex test systems for analysis of chicken microsatellites with the different number of loci
I.P. Novgorodova, V.I. Fisinin, N.A. Zinovieva, E.A. Gladyr, M.V. Mikhaylov, J.S. Royter, G. Brem
Summary. The comparative study of two multiplex test systems for analysis of chicken microsatellites including eight (“short’ type) and eleven (“long” type) loci was performed. The analysis of 100 samples derived from five chicken breeds showed the high specificity of developed systems: the number of amplified loci was 99.88 and 99.91 per cent for “short” and “long” types of test systems, respectively. The compared test systems significantly not differed for the average number of alleles, the number of informative alleles and the number of effective alleles calculated per loci. The decrease of probability of genotype identity with increase of number of analyzed loci was shown. The correct assignment of individuals to own populations was achieved in 100 per cent cases using the test systems of both types. The high degree of correlation of population genetic parameters calculated using eight and eleven microsatellite loci was observed: r=+0.98 (p>0,999) for the average number of alleles per loci, r=+0.99 (p>0,999) for the degree of observed heterozygoty, r=+0.98 (p>0,999) for Fis index. The degree of intra population diversity evaluated using Rst (AMOVA) index was 13.1 and 11.9 per cent for “short” and “long” types of test systems, respectively. The analysis of genetic distances calculated on the base of DNA profiles of five chicken breeds using eight and eleven microsatellite loci showed the similar pattern of the phylogenetic relationships between investigated breeds (r=+0.97, p>0,999).
Keywords: test systems, microsatellites, chicken breeds.

UDK 636.082
The cryoconservation of mail generative cells as the method of preservation of genetic recourses in poultry
V.I. Fisinin, V.A. Bagirov, N.A. Volkova, N.A. Zinovieva, Ya.S. Roiter, M.A. Zhilinskij
Summary. The prospects for the use of male germ cells for developing of effective cryotechnologies for conservation of genetic resources in poultry are examined. Literature data analysis has shown that at the present time germ cells, spermatogenic cells and primordial germ cells are used for cryopreservation of genetic resources in poultry. Cryopreservation of male germ cells remains the most common method of gene pool conservation in poultry, as this technology is the most studied in comparison with other approaches. The relatively new concepts in cryopreservation are the use of spermatogenic cells and primordial germ cells. These approaches are regarded as the most promising in comparison with the cryopreservation of sperm. The use of spermatogenic cells would solve some problems known in the cryopreservation of sperm, in particular, the instability of the results, the low percentage of cell viability. The advantage of primordial germ cells is the possibility of the use of female genetic material as well as male genetic material. In the future, as this approach will be developed for the routine use, it may become the general method for the conservation of genetic resources in poultry.
Keywords: biodiversity, gene pool, cryobank, cryopreservation, primordial germ cells, spermatogenic cells, spermatozoids.

UDK 619:591.463
Effect injection a preparation krezotsin in composition sperm freezing medium of boars on it cryo-stability
A.Ch. Dzhamaldinov, A.G. Narizhny, N.I. Kreindlinа, A.N. Kuripko
Summary. The aim was to study the effect of the introduction of the krezatsina environment for freezing boar semen on her krioustoychivost. Preparing a concentrated sperm to freezing by the method of dialysis, which provides for the introduction of cryoprotective substances lactose-citrate chelate trisovoy (LGHTST) environment through a semipermeable membrane of the sperm without increasing its volume. Dialysis was carried out in spetsustroystve composed of 3 chambers separated by a semipermeable membrane. The inner chamber placed sperm, and two outer filled environment in the ratio 1:2 sperm Wednesday. As an antioxidant krezatsin administered at a dose of 0.15, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6 g per 1 liter of medium. Studies have found that with the introduction of the environmental indicators krezatsina experimental group exceeded the control on motility at 12.5, 21.9, 28.1 and 31.2%, respectively, of the survival of spermatozoa of 40.7, 59, 2, 83.3 and 83.3%, and the preservation of acrosome was higher by 4.0, 9.0, 15.0 and 15.0%, respectively. Krezatsina optimal dose for the introduction of the medium is 0.45 g per 1 liter of medium.
Keywords: krezatsin, fertilization, sperm quality, sperm cryopreservation.

UDK 636.2:034.082.4: 57089.3:615.814
Influence of conditioned medium through acupoints on viability of frozen-thawed bovine embryos
T.E. Taradaynik, N.P. Taradaynik, G.N. Singina, G.V. Kazeev, A.V. Kazeeva
Summary. In the trial 111 frozen - thawed bovine embryos were assign to 2 groups: the treatment  (n=61) was injection at once after ET  into acupoints 25, 30 (Kazeev G.V., 2000) of recipients by 0.2 ml of conditioned medium obtained by cultivation of bovine embryos in vitro, control group (n=50) was intact. The embryo protective effect  was estimated at 2 mo after ET by rectal palpation. The number of  viability in treated  and control groups was 45.9% and 28.0% respectively. There is shown that injection of conditioned medium in acupoints, after embryo transfer, raises level of viability of  frozen-thawed bovine embryos by 17.9%  in comparison with control (p<0.05).
Keywords: bovine, embryo transfer, acupoints, viability. 

UDK 636.2.082.3.034
A new zootechnical criterion for estimates for longevity of dairy cows in the herd
V.I. Seltsov, A.A. Sermyagin, M.H. Tohov
Summary. The research to conduct for the purpose of increase in herd by time of use a dairy cow at the account of optimization of cycles times of growing and reproduction. Optimization of cycles is reached by introduction of estimated criterion - ratio effectiveness use (REU) an animal. Groupings of data on productive and economic parameters of 282 cows of Simmental breed are analyses. Such parameters as a live weight, age of the first calving, an average, highest and lifelong milk yield, number of calvings, leaving date from herd, the prime cost and the price selling of meat and milk are considered. On the basis of the general expenses by two cycles of animal use the gross revenue, profit (loss), level of profitability (recoupment) are calculated. Positive and reliable correlation between REU with such parameters of a cow as a lifelong milk yield, number of calvings, age in lactations, age in months (r=0.78-0.84), the highest and average milk yield (r=0.32-0.51) is received, as well as with economic indicators of production: profit, profitability, the gross revenue and the general expenses (r=0.78-0,88). Negative dependence between REU and age of first calving (r =-0.37), and growing cost (r =-0.30) is found out. The REU with upsurge from 0,4 to 0,9, time of cow use in herd increased from 16,7 to 30,0 months, profitability raised with -0,2 to 4,3%, and at REU from above 1,6 production cycle of a cow made 48,8-53,0 months at level of profitability 8,4-10,1%. Thus, the new estimated zootechnical criterion of dairy cow efficiency is directed at search of best animal by level of lucrative production of milk and life term.
Keywords: dairy cow, longevity, milk production, efficiency, growth.

UDK 636.2.083.78:577.1
Body condition scores, milk yield and composition, hematological and biochemical indices of blood in high-yielding dairy cows
N.V. Sivkin, G.G. Karlikova, I.V. Gusev
Summary. The aim of this work was to study the relationship of body condition evaluated in scores (BCS) on a scale of 1 to 5, in the dry period with milk production, hematological and biochemical indices of blood of cows. Three groups of Russian Black and White cows of fatness in the dry period (1st – BCS 1.5 to 3.0, 2nd BCS 4.0 to 5.0 and control, BCS 3.0 to 4.0) were formed and studied the dynamics of changes in BCS on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th months of lactation. During the 1st month of lactation in the 2nd and control groups, respectively, BCS has decreased from 4.2 to 3.5 and from 3.5 to 2.8, while in the 1st group it increased from 2.5 to 3.2. Further BCS from month to month were fallen to 2 or less. Yield for the previous 305 days of lactation in cows of the 1st, 2nd and control groups was equal, respectively, 6938, 7944 (p <0.05) and 7818 kg of milk, fat content 3.88, 3.96 and 3.91%, protein content 3.13, 3.12, and 3.13%, the production of milk fat 269, 315 (p <0.05) and 306 kg and the milk protein production of 222, 302 and 276 kg. Days open of cows in Group 1 during the previous lactation was significantly shorter (93 days) than in group 2 (216 days) and in control cows (164 days). BCS correlated positively with the service period (r = 0, 39, p <0.05), with the number of milking days (r = 0,36) and with a yield of 305 days of lactation (r = 0,27). In the subsequent lactation milk yield of cows of the 1st, 2nd and control groups was 7628, 7470 and 7500 kg of milk, the fat productions are 318, 307 and 292 kg. Days open the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively, equal to 125 and 154 days (p <0,05), 136 days in the control. On hematological and biochemical indices of performance group did not have a significant impact.
Keywords: cow, body condition, BCS, dry period, milk yield, fat and protein in milk, the hematological and biochemical indices.

UDK 636.22/28.082
Use of new methods of beef cattle selection and breeding in Russia.
G.P. Legoshin, A.P. Mamonov, T.G. Sharafeeva, S.G. Nitszenko, S.G. Goncharov 
Summary. The article is devoted to theoretical basement and practical implementing of selection and breeding of beef Cattle in Russia. Calculation of the expected progeny differences (EPD-s) of modern selection traits effectiveness of this method and possibility of use in Russia.
Keywords: beef cattle, expected progeny differences (EPD), selection traits, carcass quality, DNA-tests.

UDK 636.088.31:637.5
Influence of breed on meat qualities of bull-calves under conditions of dry-steppe zone of Western Kazakhstan
F.G. Kayumov, T.M. Sidikhov, V.Yu. Hajnatsky
Summary. Intensive breeding of bull-calves of native beef cattle breeds in dry steppe zone of Western Kazakhstan allowed to receive heavy, well muscular carcasses with high yield. Fresh carcass weight in 18 months of age for Kalmyk bull-calves was 245.5 kg, Kazakh white-headed – 255.3 and auliekolskaya breed – 278.6 kg. However, for the main indicators of beef productivity as carcasses yield, slaughter weight the best were bull-calves of auliekolskaya breed.
Keywords: cattle, breed, buiis, control slaughter, meat productivity, Kalmyk, Kazakh white-headed. auelikolskaya.

UDK 619:576.807.7.636.22
DNA nucleotide sequences homology level from vaarious brucella strains
A.V. Ivanov, E.V. Pankova, R.М. Ahmadeev, E.M. Plotnikova
Summary. Our investigation included stable S-forms (B.abortus 54, 19, B.melitensis Rev-1, B.suis 117, B.rangiferi B-307, B.ovis, B.canis) dissociates and transformants from S into SR-forms (B.abortus 82, 82 penicillinsensitive, and 82 ciproletresistant ) and R-forms (B.abortus R-1096, B.rangiferi C-227, C-226). Of the evaluated 6 primers the optimal was P1 primer (bsp 31), which allowed to identify different Brucella species regardless their virulence and cell cultures dissociation level (S-, SR-, and R-forms). Moreover, P1 and P2 primers were able to identify B.abortus species, P1, P3 – B.melitensis, P1 and P4 – B.suis (rangiferi), P1 and P6 – B.ovis, P1, P4, and P5 – B.canis. The obtained data confirmed that characteristics peculiar to microorganisms of Brucella genus were high level of their DNA homology and lack of homology with species belonging to other genera. At the same time, brucella variations (dissociation, transformation, etc.) does not result in their genome significant divergence. Consequently, DNA-DNA hybridization method is not only one of the approaches of brucella identification, but very often it is the only reliable indicator that the strain belongs to Brucella genus.
Keywords: brucellosis, strain, homology, dissociation, transformation, primer, DNA-polymerase.