N. N. Voshedsky, V.A. Kulygin
Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, ul. Institutskaya, 1, pos. Rassvet, Aksaiskii r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346735, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research aimed to determine the optimal combination of the basic tillage, seeding rate, mineral nutrition level, their effect on the yield and water consumption of new varieties of winter wheat. The work was performed by generally accepted methods in 2019-2022 in the Azov zone of the Rostov region. The experimental design included the study of the following options: main tillage method (factor A) – ploughing, combined, chiselling; seeding rate (factor B) – 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 million viable seeds per 1 ha; the level of fertilizer application (factor C) – without fertilizers (0); moderate (N80P60K60); high (N120P80K80). The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary chernozem with the content of humus in the arable layer of 4.0-4.2%, of total nitrogen – 0.22-0.25%, of mobile phosphorus and potassium – 39 and 545 mg/kg, respectively. A higher yield of winter wheat in the experiment was observed during ploughing. The decrease in the value of this indicator in the studied varieties with combined tillage and chiselling did not exceed 4.7-5.9%. The optimal seeding rate for winter wheat was 5.0 million pcs/ha, at which, regardless of fertilizers and tillage, the maximum grain yield in the experiment was observed in varieties Bylina Dona – 4.9 6 t/ha and Akapella – 5.26 t/ha. Moderate and high doses of fertilizers increased the yield of varieties by 30-48%. Their best payback in the experiment was observed at high doses of fertilizers against the background of ploughing and a seeding rate of 5.0 million pcs/ha – 7.32-7.64 kg/kg. The highest yield of winter wheat according to the experimental variants was observed against the background of ploughing, a high level of fertilizer use (N120Р80К80) and a seeding rate of 5.0 million pcs/ha. In the variety Bylina Dona it was 6.07 t/ha, Acapella – 6.41 t/ha.
Keywords: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); tillage method; seeding rate; fertilizers; productivity; payback; water consumption.
Author Details: N. N. Voshedsky, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. A. Kulygin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Voshedsky NN, Kulygin VA. [Features of the influence of certain technological methods on water consumption and productivity of new winter wheat varieties in the Rostov region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(9):26-31. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_9_26.