А.А. Churakov, L.I. Valiulina
Krasnoyarsk Research Institute on Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Russia, Krasnoyarsk 49 city, Svobodny highway, 66
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Summary. Experiments were carried out in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe zone on black soils in accordance with common agricultural technology. The object of research were pea varieties and lines of traditional (16 pcs.) and tendril morphotype (20 pcs.). Nursery competitive variety trials started in the laboratory on breeding legumes. As a result of many years of work with the tendril morphotype of pea it was achieved its yield growth (2,36 t-ha) to the level of traditional morphotype (2,55 t-ha). It is shown that samples with tendril leaf are more responsive to the lack of rainfall; the reduction was 21% in comparison to yield of traditional forms. The yield difference of a traditional and a tendril sample in contrasting humidification years is more significant. In the conditions of the lack of moisture in 2012, productivity of tendrillines decreased by 51% comparing to 2013.Traditional morphotype has 37% of such decrease. Breeding for improving harvest processability of tendril morphotype by reducing the height of the plant is complicated, as evidenced by the correlation coefficients and the number of fertile yield nodes (r = 0,339), plant height and number of pods (r = 0,532). Links between plant height and number of beans in the samples of traditional morphotype are stronger and change in contrasting weather conditions within the interval of r = 0,525 and r =0,678. Researched samples are characterized by low numbers of pea seeds in a pod (traditional morphotype has 4,17 pcs. and tendril morphotype – 3,98 pcs. respectively), that makes the selection to be actual subject. Modern varieties Yakhont, Svetozar, Ruslan, that were included in the State Variety Register combine the yield, average grain seeds (mass of 1000 seeds – 220 ... 240 g) with a height of stem 70 ... 90 cm, and protein content 22 ... 25%.
Keywords: peas, breeding, yield, traditional morphotype, tendril morphotype, economic character.