T.G. Golova, L.A. Ershova
Voronezh Research Institute on Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Russia, Voronegh region, Talovsky district, Institute named after Docuchaev, 2
E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Summary. In conditions of the South-East of the Central Black Soil region the increase of temperature and decrease of precipitation during the vegetation period of spring barley is marked, that leads to reduction of yield and its stability over the years. Analysis of decadal temperature regime of Stone Steppe (Voronezh Research Institute on Agriculture) for the period 1968-2014 indicates the increase its averages in April and May from 1,5…2,.4 to 3,2-4,1C°, the coefficient of lineral regression is 0,25*. Negative correlation (r=- 0,41*,-0,44*,-0,44*) between the temperature regime of May and the harvesting of grain, plant height, the weight of 1000 grains was indicated. Results of barley breeding in low moisture conditions on ordinary black soil at Voronezh Research Institute on Agriculture are showed. For the period of barley breeding 17 varieties were created, 4 of them were accepted: Dokuchaevskie 1, Olympian, Talovskie 34 and Talovskie 9. Conditions of vegetation period of 2003-2013 compared with the terms of 1980-1989 years led to the reduction of yield by 12,1…14,8 quintal -ha, the number of productive stems from 1 sq. m – 138…180 pcs, the weight of 1000 seeds – 2,6…4,5 g, the height of the plants –19,8…26,6 cm. The high formation stability of the following indicators: the number and mass of grains per ear, the length of the period of the emergence-heading is noticed. The selection on them can be quite effective under condition of preservation of a productive stalks cleaning. One of the main directions of selection work with barley in modern conditions of Stone Steppe must be the increase of heat resistance and adaptive potential of new varieties.
Keywords: meteorological conditions, breeding process, spring barley, productivity.