V.V. Piskarev, N.I. Boyko, T.N. Kapko, A.A. Timopheev
Siberian Research Institute on Plant Production and Breeding Process of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Russia, Novosibirskaya region, Novosibirsky district, Krasnoobsk settelment, P. Box 375
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Summary. The purpose of the research is to select donors of high level of 1000 grain weight trait of soft spring wheat for further using in breeding work and identifying the genetic control of the trait. Investigations were carried out in a forest-steppe of Priob’ye of Novosibirsk region on the experimental field of the laboratory of Genetics of Siberian Research Institute on Plant Production and Breeding Process of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences in 2013. The soil composition of the experimental field is represented by the leached middle-loamy muddy-coarse-pulverescent black soil. The climate is sharply continental, hydrothermal coefficient by Selyaninov is 1,2 in average over the years (in 2013 – 2,86). Mathematical processing of the severity of 1000 grain weight of varieties and hybrids were carried out by using the system of genetic analysis of quantitative traits Poligen A developed by A.F. Merezhko. The variability of 1000 grain weight of 6 varieties of soft spring wheat, contrasting by expression of trait was studied: with high level of 1000 grain weight – Isheevskaya (33,8 g), Lutescens 85 (36,4 g), Shortandinka 95 (33,1 g); with low – Lutescens 112 (29,2 g), Amu 65500 (29,0 g) and Fenita (28,2 g). The coefficient of variation of the trait of parental forms varied from 9,1% (Shortandinka 95) to 14,7% (Amu 65500), while for at second-generation hybrids it was 19,3% (Isheevskaya Amu x 65500); 15,8% (Shortandinka 95 x Lutescens 112) and 13,0% (Amu 85 x Lutescens 65500). The geneticai control of 1000 grain weight trait of 4 spring wheat varieties was defined. Parental forms Amu 65500 and Isheevskaya as well as Shortandinka 95 and Lutescens 112 differ by a single dominant gene which determins trait 1000 grains weight. The degree of dominance of F1 =-1,0 indicates the dominance of the parental form with the minor severity of sign. The varietie Lutescens 85 characterizes by significant differences in the genetic control of 1000 grains weight. This cultivar possess two dominant alleles (locuses) with the degree of dominance of F1 =0,9 and with strong dominant epistasis A> B = 1.
Keywords: spring soft wheat, genetic control, weight of 1000 grains, inheritance.