A.N. Perov, I.F. Kargin
Mordovian State University named after N. P. Ogarev, Russia, Saransk city, Bolshevistskaya Str., 68
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Summary. In the period of 2011-2013 the two-factor field experiment was carried out on leached black soil in LLC “Rassvet”, located in Chamzinka district of Mordovia Republic. The effect of different levels of mineral nutrition on the effectiveness of moisture use by winter triticale of Bashkirskaya korotkostebelnaya variety was conducted . Fertilizer volume was calculated for planned grain yield of 5 t-ha. Phosphorus fertilization compensates removal element by 100%, potassium – by 60%, nitrogen – by 20…100%, depending on the variant. It has been established that fertilizers, due to its high efficiency, are a potent factor in increasing the tolerance of plants to water stress. Under the influence of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer use, the consumption of moisture decreased in 2011 at 37...43 t, in 2012 – at 73..103 t, and in 2013 – at 60...62 t. Under the influence of input of N132P52K84 complete fertilizer a decrease rate of moisture use in average per three years in comparison with control was on the level of 261…306 t. In variant without fertilizer application, from soil layer of 0 ... 100 cm only 48,2% of soil moisture is used. The application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers increases the use to 51,1%, , complete fertilizer increases – to 59,3…66,9%. That means increasing the consumption of moisture under the influence of mineral fertilizers. The greatest water consumption by plants was observd in the tillering and earing phases of vegetation.
Keywords: leached, fertilizers, moisture, winter triticale, phase of development, loss of moisture.