I.P. Belanov, V.A. Androhanov, A.G. Baschuk
Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Novosibirsk city, Academician Lavrent’ev avenue, 8/2
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Summary. Current research related to the assessment of anthropogenic impact of mining enterprises on adjacent natural and agricultural landscapes are socially valued. The aim of our research was to study the effects of diabasaltic dust on soil and vegetation cover of farm lands. In a survey of the territory subject to technogenetics pressure (42.5 ha), related to Kamnerechensk gravel plant, the average amount of dust settling on the surface of the production crops about 417 kg/ha monthly was registered. The changes in the physicochemical properties of the soil in the root zone were revealed (alkalinization of soil solution of dark grey forest soils to pH 7.2…7.5), granulometric composition also changed (on the territory subject to development pressure the portion of coarse dust particles 0.05…0.01 mm) reached 54.22 %, and the portion of fine sand 0.25…0.05 mm is 5.20 %. As a result of phytotoxic impact of dust stress on crops, the yield of buckwheat on the contaminated area was 1.5…3.0 t/ha with average value of this index in the farm 12…14 cwt/ha. Thus, intensive dust stress has a complex effect on the soil and plant cover, which in the totality leads to sharp reduction in the productivity from 50 to 80 % and make the involvement of such areas into agricultural rotation not profitable. It is recommended the organization of sanitary protection dust-collecting belts along the source of anthropogenic impact, as well as the carrying out the activities for intensive dust suppression in Kamnerechensk gravel plant.
Keywords: dust stress, diabasaltic dust, agricultural lands, technogenesis, fertility.