M.M. Ilyasov, A.K. Yapparov, N.Sh. Khisamutdinov, N.L. Sharonova
Tatar Research Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Russia, Tatarstan Republic, Kazan city, Orenburgsky tract, 20a
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Summary. This article presents the average data for the period of 2011-2013 on researches of minimizing basic soil treatment and using fertilizers to develop techniques for increasing crop yield and soil maintaining in the conditions of Tatarstan Republic. Researches were conducted in Buinsky district on leached black soil. Basic soil treatment systems – annual moldboard plowing (control); moldboard plowing; loosening; level plowing; chisel loosening with subsequent minor treatments are studied on two backgrounds – mineral fertilizing system (MFS) and organo-mineral fertilizing system (OMFS). Sequence of crops in the rotation: pure steam –winter wheat – spring wheat – spring barley. Higher level of availability of productive moisture in the phase bushing was observed while applying the deck and chisel treatments along with OMFS – 188, 8 and 185, 4 mm accordingly. While annual moldboard plowing those parameter was at 20,4…17, 0 mm accordingly. Volume weight of soil in layer of 0…40 cm in OMFS variant with annual moldboard plowing and level plowing reduced, in comparison with MFS, up at 0,04 and 0,03 g-cm3. Humus content was within the limits of – 5,9…5,7%, the acidity of the soil – 5,4…5,5. Micromycetes genus Trichoderma having highly antagonistic activity to phytopathogenic fungus dominated with loosening, deck and chisel treatments. The application of OMFS has increased crop yields in average in the experiment at 0,30…0,52 t-ha grain units, in comparison with MFS. The best yield was received in variant with deck and chisel treatments – 1,15 and 0,93 t-ha grain units, in comparison with control. The level plowing in combination with the subsequent small treatment improves water and physical, agrochemical and microbiological properties of the soil, steadily increases productivity and profitability of crops cultivation in comparison with traditional annual dump plowing.
Keywords: soil treatment minimization, basic tillage, mineral-fertilizing system (MFS), organo-mineral fertilizing system (OMFS), available moisture, soil bulk density, agrochemical and microbiological properties of soil, productivity and profitability of crops.