V.D. Kobylianskii, O.V. Solodukhina
N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Industry, Bolshaya Morskaya str., 44, St.-Petersburg, 190000, Russia
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Summary. The article presents results of our long-term investigations on development of new donors of valuable traits of rye and their use in breeding of hybrid and population varieties with short stems, resistance to diseases, high productivity and grain quality. Investigations were carried out during 1960-2014 using rye world collection of N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources by standard and original authors’ methods. During this period rye cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was identified for the first time. We proposed the technology of hybrid rye development on the base of marked R-type CMS sources. Genetic differentiation of different types of dwarfing was realized. Dominant monogenic (gene Hl) and recessive digenic (genes tn1, tn2) dwarfing was identified for the first time and its usefulness for rye breeding was proved. Twelve dwarf rye varieties were developed in collaboration with the authors. Breeders developed about 80% of rye varieties in Russia and about 90% of them in CIS countries with the use of dominant dwarfing gene donors. For the first time it were found and identified genes encoding resistance to powdery mildew (Er, Rm2), to leaf rust (Lr4, Lr5, Lr6, Lr7, Lr8 and Lr10) and to stem rust (Sr1, Sr2). The strategy of development of resistance gene donors and technology of breeding of resistant varieties were proposed. The first six rye varieties resistant to these diseases were bred with the authors’ participation. They were Ilmen, Kirovskaya 89, Nika, Estafeta Tatarstana, Era, Olga. The technology of breeding of rye with low water-soluble pentosans content in grains was worked out; the first six varieties (Novaya Era, Yantarnaya, Podarok, Bereginya, Vavilovskaya, Krasnoyarskaya Universalnaya) suitable for use in mixed fodder industry were developed. The conducted researches enabled to initiate the development of new directions in winter rye breeding in Russia including breeding of heterotic hybrid varieties, dwarfing non-lodging varieties, varieties resistant to main diseases, rye varieties with low pentosan content of universal use for forage, baking and processing production.
Keywords: winter rye, genetics, genes, breeding, sources, donors, hybrid rye, dwarfism, disease resistance, grain quality, water-soluble pentosans in grain, forage rye.
Author Details: V.D. Kobylianskii, Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Researcher; O.V. Solodukhina, Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Leading Researcher (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Kobylianskii V.D., Solodukhina O.V. Use of donors of valuable traits of plants in breeding of new varieties of winter rye. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V.29. №7. pp. 7-12 (In Russ)