E.A. Simakov, V.A. Mityushkin, A.V. Zharova, G.V. Grigoriev, A.A. Zhuravlev, A.S. Gayzatulin
All-Russian research Institute of potato growing, ul. Lorkha, 23, Kraskovo-1, Lyuberetskiy r-n, Moskowskaya obl., 140051, Russian Federation
Summary. In 2009-2014 in order to increase the effectiveness of breeding of potato varieties for different use, adapted for different soil and climatic conditions, the hybrid populations were estimated ecologically. It was carried out in more than 20 research institutes of Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Far East, Siberia, the Urals, the Volga region and Northern Caucasus. As a source breeding material the one-tuber hybrid populations, generated in All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming during growing of seedlings in protected ground (more than 400 populations, including 120 thousand of genotypes). Botanical seeds from hybridization of parents forms with a complex of agronomic traits in the homozygous state (860 populations, more than 480 thousand genotypes) were also used as source material. At the passing of the material to the regional research institutes we took into account the peculiarities of soil and climatic conditions, the phytosanitary situation and tendency of breeding work. Identical hybrid populations were estimated in the first tuber reproduction according to the efficacy of selection no less than under 3-4 different ecological and geographical conditions. The number of populations, included in the experiment every year, varied from 15 to 45-50. As a result of joint study it was developed 63 new potato varieties, 29 of them were included in the State Register of the Russian Federation, 34 varieties pass the state tests and 22 varieties are used in the industry. It is confirmed the possibility of the selection of potato varieties with wide range of adaptivity for cultivation under different agro-ecological conditions of Russia, which ensure stable harvests and tuber quality taking into account their use. Keywords: ecological breeding, varieties, prebreeding, genotypes, original parent forms, backcrosses, donors, hybrid population, botanical seeds, adaptability.
Keywords: fertility, humus, phosphorus, potassium, trace minerals, soil acidity.
Author Details: E.A. Simakov, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.A. Mityushkin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory; A.V. Zharova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; G.V. Grigoriev, senior research fellow; A.A. Zhuravlev, senior research fellow; A.S. Gizatulin, post-graduate student.
For citation: Simakov E.A., Mityushkin V.A., Zharova A.V., Grigoriev G.V., Zhuravlev A.A., Gizatulin A.S. Use of Ecological and Geographic Factors to Improve the Efficiency of Potato Breeding. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. Vol. 29. No. 11. Pp. 44-46 (In Russ)