V.S. Nestyak, G.E. Chepurin, O.V. Ivakin, S.F. Usoltsev
Siberian Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Bio Technologies of Russian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 460, Krasnoobsk-1, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federation
Summary. The main reason, restraining the growth of tomato commodity production in many regions of Russia, including Siberia, is the high risk associated with the meteorological conditions. The aim of this work was to increase the efficiency of tomato commodity production under conditions of the negative impact of open ground. The fundamental difference of the work is the ability to ensure the protection of plants throughout the whole growing season and reduce at most the operational time of responding to the current changes in external conditions. Moreover, plant protection devices do not limit natural pollination conditions and access to plants, which determines the possibility of mechanization of the main process operations. During investigations (2011-2015), the engineering prototype of the module of protecting screens was equipped with a set of devices for automatic measurement of air temperature around the plant. Tomato seedlings in the phase of the first truss were planted under the screen and in the control in the open ground. The measurements of the weight of fruits, collected selectively as they reached brown maturity stage, were performed for all variants every 5-7 days (depending on the year of study and the problems solved in the year). It was found that protecting screens ensure additional active temperatures of up to 70 degrees around the plant, while the maximum relative contribution of artificial factors to temperature formation was 11%. The highest values of accumulation coefficient are characteristic for outdoor temperatures of about 18-20 degrees, and accumulation coefficient decreases with their further increase, which prevents overheating of the plants. The screens allowed minimizing the negative impact of external factors, extend the time of fruit harvest by two weeks and increase the yield 1.5-2.0 times compared to open ground, while the maximum yield in the stage of technical maturity was 91.5%.
Keywords: tomato, open ground, negative impact, protective screens, effective temperature, production process, efficiency, yield.
Author Details: V.S. Nestyak, D.Sc. (Tech.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); G.E. Chepurin, corresponding member of the RAS, D.Sc. (Tech.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O.V. Ivakin, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), leading research fellow; S.F. Usoltsev, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Nestyak V.S., Chepurin G.E., Ivakin O.V., Usoltsev S.F. Protecting Screens as Spare Capacities for Vegetable Growing. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 8. Pp. 83-86 (in Russ.).