E.A. Salina
Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Lavrent’eva, 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
Summary. Genome modeling and editing are technologies utilizing plant genome sequencing data. The recent advance in plant genome sequencing is evident, including the sequencing and de novo assembly of reference genomes. The reference DNA sequence for the wheat genome, which was sequenced with the participation of Russian research institutions, will be published in early 2017. Marker-assisted and genomic selection is in the toolkit of genome modeling technology, namely, designing of a target cultivar with the help of molecular markers. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) includes the control of inheritance of one or several genes using molecular markers. The first works utilizing MAS in Russia were performed in 2009 under a federal target program of the Ministry of Education and Science. The article briefs specific features of MAS application in plant breeding, and the breeding schemes for the implementation MAS in wheat are described. Genomic breeding implies the control of overall genome during breeding rather than a target gene alone, as in MAS. It allows for a genome-scale genotyping of plant cultivars and prediction of quantitative trait inheritance (yield, cold and drought resistance, etc.). The main stages in the genomic selection are described by the example of wheat with a discussion of the pivotal points of its application in Russia. Genome modeling expands the capacities of traditional breeding, while genome editing approach is able to create fundamentally new gene combinations. The genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system is overviewed. The prospects of genome editing and potential problems of it use in breeding are described.
Keywords: sequencing, wheat, reference plant genomes, marker-assisted selection, genome selection, genome editing, CRISPR/Cas9.
Author Details: E.A. Salina, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Salina E.A. Genome Modeling and Editing Technologies for Solving the Breeding Challenges. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 9. Pp. 9-14 (in Russ.).