MODERN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON QUALITY OF APPLES

V.A. Gudkovsky¹, L.V. Kozhina¹, Y.B. Nazarov¹, R.B. Gocheva^2
1I.V. Michurin All-Russia Research Institute for Horticulture, ul. Michurina, 30, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393774, Russian Federation
²OOO «Gardens of Baksan», ul. Evgazhukova, 121, s. Islamei, Baksanskii r-n, Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika, 361520, Russian Federation

Summary. Modern technologies of fruits storage with low oxygen content (ultra-low oxygen content – ULO, dynamic atmosphere – DCA) to a variable degree inhibit the accumulation of ethylene, which is the ripening hormone and is the main reason for the decrease in fruit quality during storage. Post-harvest treatment of fruit with 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) inhibits ethylene synthesis, reduces losses from the sun, contributes to the retention of quality, in combination with the different methods of storage under the conditions of standard atmosphere (SA), ULO and DCA levels their disadvantages and strengthens the possibilities. The purpose of our work was to study the effect of storage methods and technologies on the fruit quality, to determine the optimal period of storage using different technologies for maximum preservation of the quality and protection from the physiological diseases of fruits of the Granny Smith and Golden Delicious varieties. The work was carried out in OOO “Sady Baksana” (Kabardino-Balkaria) and in the I.V. Michurin Aii-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture. We determined ethylene content in fruits and store atmosphere and farnesene oxidation products (trienes) – in the cuticle of fruits; we also estimated the losses from sunburn and fruit quality (hardness). The technology (SA + 1-MCP) is effective for storage of fruits during 5-6 months, the technologies (ULO + 1-MCP-1), (DCA + control), (DCA + 1-MCP) are effective for long-term (6-9 months) storage of fruits. To store the fruits of the Granny Smith variety (ULO + control) is not recommended, and periods of fruits storage by the technology (OA + control) should be limited to 2 months, due to the high risk of their destruction by the sun. The only technology that can provide protection from the sun of the control (untreated by 1-MCP) fruits of the Granny Smith variety is DCA. Storage of fruits in the DCA can become an important element in the marketing of organic production.

Keywords: fruits, storage technology, quality, ethylene, trienes, hardness, scald.

Author Details: V.A. Gudkovsky, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); L.V. Kozhina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory; Y.B. Nazarov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; R.B. Gocheva, technologist.

For citation: Gudkovsky V.A., Kozhina L.V., Nazarov Y.B., Gocheva R.B. Modern Storage Technologies and Their Impact on Quality of Apples. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 9. Pp. 105-108 (in Russ.).