D.V. Dubovik, O.G. Chuyan
All-Russian Research Institute of Farming and Soil Protection from Erosion ul. Karla Marksa, 70b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Summary. In the studies, which were carried out for 31 years, the dependence of the productivity of winter wheat, spring barley and sugar beet on the level of climatic (humidity level) and anthropogenic (crop rotation, method of primary tillage, organic and mineral fertilizer application) resources was determined. Grain-fallow-row crop rotation ensures the greatest productivity of winter wheat under conditions of poor, insufficient and optimal humidification. When the humidity level is excessive, all types of crop rotations are equivalent according to the level of winter wheat yield. Barley yield in the years of poor and optimal humidification does not depend on the type of crop rotation; when the humidity level is insufficient the grain-grass-row crop rotation is the most efficient; with the excessive moistening the grain-grass crop rotation is the most productive. Grain-fallow-row crop rotation is the most efficient for the cultivation of sugar beet under any humidity level. Moldboard and nonmoldboard methods of primary tillage in all crop rotations, under all humidity conditions are equivalent by the degree of their influence on winter wheat productivity. For barley the efficiency of moldboard tillage is higher than that of nonmoldboard one in grain-fallow-row and grain-grass-row crop rotations in the years of excessive humidification. Moldboard tillage ensures greater sugar beet productivity at the average by 4.2 t/ha under any humidity level. Organic fertilizers at the dose of 48 t/ha of farm manure once for a rotation increase the yield of crops under any conditions of humidity. On an average the increase is 0.6 t/ha for winter wheat, 0.44 t/ha for spring barley, 4.4 t/ha for sugar beet. Mineral fertilizers regardless of humidity level increase the productivity of winter wheat on an average by 0.84 t/ha, of spring barley – by 1.03 t/ha, of sugar beet – by 7.60 t/ha. The greatest effect of organic and mineral fertilizers is noted under insufficient and optimal humidification, the minimal one – under excessive and poor moistening. Multiple regression equations were derived, showing the dependence of crop yield on the considered agronomical practices and humidity conditions.
Keywords: winter wheat, barley, sugar beet, humidity conditions, crop rotation, tillage, organic fertilizers, mineral fertilizers.
Author Details: D.V. Dubovik, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of group (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.), O.G. Chuyan, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory.
For citation: Dubovik D.V., Chuyan O.G. To an Estimation of Resource Potential of Agricultural Landscapes for Managing Crop Yield. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 12. Pp. 43-47 (in Russ.).