V.A. Sysuyev1,2, V.A. Figurin2
1North-East Regional Agrarian Scientific Center, ul. Lenina, 166а, Kirov, 610007, Russian Federation
2Zone North-East Agricultural Research Institute named after N.V. Rudnitsky, ul. Lenina, 166а, Kirov, 610007, Russian Federation
Summary. Perennial legume-grass mixtures promote the successful advancement of agriculture in the northern areas of the Non-Chernozem region. Perennial grasses are less dependent on weather and soil conditions in comparison with other cultures because of their plasticity, lower demands to growth conditions and a higher assortment of species and varieties. For sod-podzol soils with medium and high level of fertility clover-alfalfa, clover-alfalfa-timothy mixtures (with exchange energy from 67.1 up to 82.0 GJ/ha) are the most suitable. On soils with higher content of phosphorus and potassium and high acidity level, it is better to use meadow clover ‘Kudesnik’ with bird's foot trefoil, as well as with meadow timothy or their ternary mixture (from 78.8 up to 99.7 GJ/ha). Grass mixtures, consisting of drought-resistant and hygrophilous perennial species of grasses, are the most resistant to extreme weather conditions. These are mixtures, including meadow clover and one of drought-resistant legume cultures (alfalfa on soils with weak acidity; bird's foot trefoil on soils with the high degree of acidity) and one cereal crop. The use of varieties of meadow clover with different terms of ripeness in the system of the raw conveyer will enable to provide uninterrupted input of highly nutritive fodder mass from the middle of June till the end of August, i.e. during 75-80 days, and it smoothes the negative influences of weather conditions (mainly, the spring-summer drought). The expansion of the cultivation area of alfalfa to the north continues. Herbages with it possess high productivity and drought resistance. Alfalfa and alfalfa-smooth brome grass mixtures can provide high productivity (on the average 76.5 and 74.3 GJ/ha, accordingly) during 7-10 years on subacid soils, lied on carbonates of parent material.
Keywords: alfalfa, early varieties of meadow clover, bird's foot trefoil, agro-phytocenoses, raw conveyor, productivity, coefficient of power efficiency (CPE).
Author Details: V.A. Sysuyev, member of the RAS, chairman of presidium, director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.A. Figurin, D.Sc. (Agr.), head of division.
For citation: Sysuyev V.A., Figurin V.A. Adaptive Strategy of Sustainable Productivity of Perennial Grasses in the North-East of the European Part of Russia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 12. Pp. 79-82 (in Russ.).