NATURAL ZEOLITES AS AN ELEMENT OF AGRICULTURE GREENING OF THE BASHKIR TRANS-URALS REGION

M. B. Suyundukova¹, Ya. T. Suyundukov^1,2, Kh. M. Safin³, I. N. Semenova², R. F. Khasanova^1,2
1Sibaysky Institute (branch) of the Bashkir State University, ul. Belova, 21, Sibai, Respublika Bashkortostan, 453837, Russian Federeration
²Sibaysky branch of the Institute for Strategic Studies of the Republic of Bashkortostan, ul. Kutuzova, 1, Sibai, Respublika Bashkortostan, 453837, Russian Federeration
³Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, ul. Kirova, 15, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federeration

Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the ecological and ameliorative efficiency of natural zeolites on ordinary agrochernozem under conditions of the Trans-Urals steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The research was carried out in 2005–2017 using zeolites from the Tuzbek field located in the territory of the Baimak administrative district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Introduction of natural zeolites into the soil contributes to a more powerful development of root systems of agricultural crops; simultaneously there was a complex improvement of agrochernozem properties: optimization of the humus and structural state and density, an increase in the absorption capacity. Introduction of zeolites and manure into the soil contributed to the formation of more favorable conditions for the development and functioning of soil microflora, which led to an increase in the activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the soil layer near the roots. Zeolites showed protective environmental properties, contributing to the reduction of the negative effect of metals on the biological activity of the soil. The content of heavy metals (HM) in the grain of spring wheat had a close and medium degree of correlation with the amount of them in the soil. Due to the increase in the absorptive capacity of the soil, zeolites promoted the immobilization of mobile forms of HM, which led to a reduction in their receipt in crop production. The effectiveness of zeolite is directly proportional to the dose of its application. A significant decrease in the copper content under the influence of zeolites was noted at the doses of 15–30 t/ha, lead – at the dose of 20 t/ha and more, zinc – at the dose of 25 t/ha and higher. The use of zeolites under conditions of the Trans-Urals region of Bashkortostan with a natural background and man-caused pollution of soils with HM contributes to the restoration of properties and to the increase in the biological activity of soils, as well as to the production of ecologically safe crop production.

Keywords: zeolites; agrochernozem; enzyme activity of soil; heavy metals.

Author Details: M. B. Suyundukova, D. Sc. (Biol.), prof.; Ya. T. Suyundukov, D. Sc. (Biol.), deputy director, chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Kh. M. Safin, D. Sc. (Agr.), Academician-Secretary; I. N. Semenova, D. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow; R. F. Khasanova, D. Sc. (Biol.), assoc. prof., leading research fellow.

For citation: Suyundukova M. B., Suyundukov Ya. T., Safin Kh. M., Semenova I. N., Khasanova R. F. Natural Zeolites as an Element of Agriculture Greening of the Bashkir Trans-Urals Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 4. Pp. 25-30 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10405.