I. A. Paronyan
Russian research institute of farm animal genetics and breeding-branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal science center for animal husbandry, Moskovskoe sh., 55a, Sankt-Peterburg, 196601, Russian Federation
Abstract. To develop the main provisions of the Departmental target program for the conservation and improvement of the gene pool of cattle of domestic breeding, it was carried out a monitoring of the population, breeding and productive qualities and the search for ways to preserve dairy cattle of gene pool, small and vanishing breeds of the Russian Federation. As of 01/01/2017, out of 22 available dairy breeds of Russian cattle, the relative number of 16 domestic breeds decreased to an alarming limit and is less than 3%. At the same time, in the modern breed-forming process of Russia, it is necessary to unite gene pools of related breeds to work with them according to a single plan. Many of the available species in the country belong to one of four genealogically related groups of cattle – black-and-white, pale-yellow, red and brown. And it is necessary to keep the name of the parent breed with any proportion of blood of the improving breed. At the same time, it is necessary to preserve the animals of Kholmogorskaya and Yaroslavskaya breeds, which are original national breeds, from the mass absorption crossings with improving breeds. The work was performed using the generally accepted classification and calculation formulas of the effective population (FAO), the European Association for animal production. The analysis was carried out in 12 gene pool farms on 8 cattle breeds, the population of the conservable breed in which was from 83 to 700 head. In the presence of typical herds of the same breeds in other places, it is expedient to organize 2–3 daughter gene pool farms for every breed, growing animals with high blood portion of maternity breed.
Keywords: genetic diversity; gene pool; gene pool farm; inbreeding; cattle; domestic breed; related breeds; effective population; stability.
Author Details: I.A. Paronyan, D. Sc. (Biol.), chief research fellow (e-mаil: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Paronyan I. A. Possibilities of Preservation and Improvement of the Gene Pool of Cattle of Domestic Breeding. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 5. Pp. 63-66 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10516.