A. V. Shabalkin, O. M. Ivanova, V. A. Vorontsov, Y. P. Skorochkin
Tambov Research Agricultural Institute – the branch of I. V. Michurin Federal Research Center, ul. Zelenaya, 10, pos. Zhemchuzhnyi, Rzhaksinskii r-n, Tambovskaya obl., 393502, Russian Federation
Abstract. The study was carried out in 2012–2017 in a crop rotation (bare fallow, winter wheat, soybean, barley) on typical chernozem, heavy loamy, thick, with high provision with nutrients. The aim of the work was to study the influence of tillage methods for bare fallow, saturation with fertilizers and plant protection means on some indicators of soil fertility, yield and quality of winter wheat. The design of the experiment included 5 methods of fallow tillage, 3 variants of mineral nutrition, 2 variants of plant protection. The methods of fallow tillage were moldboard ploughing at 20–22 cm (the control); disking at 10–12 cm; nonmoldboard cultivation at 20–22 cm; nonmoldboard cultivation at 20–22 cm in the system with moldboard ploughing; disking at 10–12 cm in the system with moldboard ploughing in a crop rotation. Three variants of mineral nutrition included N30 as additional fertilizing, N30P30K30 and N60P60K60 as the main application. Two variants of plant protection included seed treatment and seed treatment + herbicides + fungicides + insecticides during vegetation. Before sowing the studied treatment provided equal reserves of productive moisture in the soil layers of 0–10 cm, 0–30 cm and 0–100 cm with some advantage of moldboard treatments before nonmoldboard ones. Against the background of nonmoldboard treatments, compared with moldboard ones, it was noted the reduced provision of soil with mobile nitrogen (by 9.2–18.6%), phosphorus (by 2.8–14.4%) and potassium (by 2.5–9.6%), increased differentiation of the arable layer by fertility, with a higher concentration of nutrients in the upper (0–10 cm) layer, and increased infestation. The increase in the level of mineral nutrition provided a reduction in the amount and, especially, the weight of the weed component in wheat crops. Methods of fallow tillage and mineral fertilizers did not significantly change the level of productivity and quality of winter wheat grain. Plant protection means the most significantly influenced the formation of winter wheat yield, providing a yield increase of 0.43 t/ha at LSD05 of 0.34.
Keywords: winter wheat; bare fallow; soil treatment; fertilizers; plant protection; soil moisture; nutrients; infestation; yield.
Author Details: A. V. Shabalkin, Cand. Sc. (Econ.), acting director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O. M. Ivanova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), deputy director; V. A. Vorontsov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; Y. P. Skorochkin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Shabalkin A. V., Ivanova O. M., Vorontsov V. A., Skorochkin Y. P. Productivity of Winter Wheat Depending on Methods of Fallow Preparation and Intensification Means. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 2. Pp. (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10213.