A. V. Alabushev
Agrarian Scientific Center «Donskoj», pos. Nauchny Gorodok, 3, Zernograd, Rostovskaya obl., 347740, Russian Federation
Abstract. Despite the outdated agricultural technologies in Russia wheat productivity increased from 2.2 t/ha (in 2013) to 3.1 t/ha (in 2017) approaching to the average yields in the world (3.4 t/ha). The protein content in grain, grown in the Russian Federation, increased by 1.2–2.5% (2013–2015); by 1.5–2.9% (2016) and by 1.2–3.1% (2017). According to the estimation of the world experts, Russia, Australia, Canada, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and the USA provide the world market with high-qualitative wheat. The ways to increase protein production are based on the increase in productivity of grain crops and on the improvement of the sown area structure as a mechanism to enlarge the acreage of crops with a high output of protein. The paper presents the data on the gradation of wheat into classes according to the level of protein content in grain in Russia and in the world. During the period from 2012 to 2017, Russia did not produce the 1st and 2nd class wheat. In the same period, the production of the 3d class wheat decreased by 25.47%, whereas the production of the 4th and 5th class wheat increased by 13.8% and 11.5%, respectively. One of the reasons for the grain quality decline is the insufficient fertilization resulting in physical and chemical degradation of soil. The recent trends demonstrate the growing role of Russian grain export. Russia’s share in the world wheat export increased from 14.1% (in 2014) to 19.3% (in 2018), and since 2016 the country has become the world leader: 25 million tons were exported from Russia, whereas the United States exported 24 million tons, and Canada and Australia exported 20 million tons each. Strengthening of the export potential of the domestic agroindustrial complex with its adaptive reforming, affecting both the production and processing spheres, will contribute to the expansion of the diversity of cultivated plant varieties and the use of environmentally friendly technologies, including non-pesticide ones.
Keywords: winter wheat; Russia; world; export potential; protein mass fraction; productivity; grain market; wheat quality.
Author Details: A. V. Alabushev, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Alabushev A. V. Export Deliveries and the Current State of the Wheat Grain Market in Russia and in the World. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 2. Pp. 68–70 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10216.