F. Sh. Shaikhutdinov, I. M. Serzhanov, D. K. Zinnatullin, V. V. Aksakova
Kazan State Agrarian University, ul. K. Marksa, 65, Kazan’, 420015, Russian Federation
Abstract. In 2016–2018 we studied the effect of seeding terms, forecrop and the level of mineral nutrition on the yield formation of Triticum dicoccum Schrank in the Republic of Tatarstan. The soil was grey forest medium loamy. The humus content (according to Tyurin) was 2.9–3.2%; the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) was 105–184 and 79–149 mg/1000 g of soil; pH(salt) was 5.6–5.7. In 2017–2018 weather conditions, in general, met the requirements of spring cereals (the hydrothermal coefficient was 0.8); 2016 was strongly arid (the hydrothermal coefficient was 0.5). In the experiment we studied two levels of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers, NPK for the planned yield of 3 t/ha), three seeding terms (the term of soil workability, and after 7 and 14 days), four forecrops (annual clover, winter rye after bare fallow, annual grasses for green mass, and spring wheat). In the first seeding term, the fullness of Triticum dicoccum sprouts ranged from 71.3 to 74.1%, which was 6.5–8.3% more than in the third term. In the first term the plants were distinguished by a higher survival rate: without fertilizers it was 86.4–90.0%; with NPK it was 86.6–91.1%. This provided viability up to harvesting at the level of 379–409 plants/m2 and 378–413 plants/m2 respectively. The good viability of plants was marked with the annual clover as the forecrop in the first and second seeding term (90.0–91.1% and 89.3–89.7%, respectively). In the first seeding term, when annual clover was used as the forecrop, the yield of Triticum dicoccum without fertilizers was higher than in the third term – by 0.38 t/ha, and in the second term the difference was 0.3 t/ha. The calculated doses of fertilizers provided an increase of 0.74 t/ha and 0.45 t/ha, respectively. Annual clover turned to be the best forecrop: the yield of Triticum dicoccum without fertilizer was 1.53–1.91 t/ha; with the NPK application it was 1.71–2.45 t/ha. The worst forecrop was spring wheat (1.18–1.52 t/ha and 1.25–1.69 t/ha respectively).
Keywords: emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schrank); seeding terms; forecrops; fullness of sprouts; thinning; yield.
Author Details: F. Sh. Shaikhutdinov, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); I. M. Serzhanov, D. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); D. K. Zinnatullin, post graduate student; V. V. Aksakova, post graduate student.
For citation: Shaikhutdinov F. Sh., Serzhanov I. M., Zinnatullin D. K., Aksakova V. V. Effect of Cultivation Methods on the Formation of Plant Density, the Root System Growth and the Yield of Emmer Wheat Agrocenosis (Triticum dicoccum Schrank). Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 5. Pp. 21–25 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10505.