I. I. Gureev
Kursk Federal Agrarian Scientific Center, ul. Karla Marksa, 70 b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Abstract. To comply with environmental safety requirements for soil protection against anthropogenic degradation by field movers, the compacting load is regulated by the corresponding standards. According to the requirements of this document, the pressure of movers is estimated without taking into account the nature of the relationship between the tractor and the agricultural machine aggregated with it during cultivation. The purpose of the research was to experimentally determine the influence of the hooking place height of an agricultural machine aggregated with a tractor on the density of the soil on the trail of movers. The test was performed on a sample unit of MTZ 1221 tractor and BDP-3.2 disc harrow. The work was performed against the stubble field background after harvesting winter wheat. The soil was medium loamy leached chernozem of 17.1% humidity. Soil hardness by layers was: 0–5 cm – 1.4 MPa; 5–10 cm – 1.9 MPa, and 10–15 cm – 2.4 MPa. The height of the hooking place in the experiment was 0.45 m, 0.55 m, 0.65 m, 0.80 m, and 0.90 m. The soil density was determined on the trail of movers using N. A. Kachinsky device. The value of the draft force varied in the range of 9.4 ± 0.96 kN. With an increase in the hooking place height in the range of 0.45–0.90 m, the pressure of the movers on the soil increased from 123 to 133 kPa (by 8.1%). The density of the soil on the trail of movers increased from 1.34–1.38 g/cm3 to 1.45–1.47 g/cm3 (by 5.1–9.7 %). The pressure of the movers on the soil also increased in the wake of growing draft force of the agricultural machine. Thus, the regulations of GOST, limiting the pressure of movers on the soil, are valid for a stationary unit. Mechanized field operations need to be corrected taking into account the hooking place height of an agricultural machine aggregated with a tractor and its draft force. To reduce the compacting properties of the movers, it is necessary to lower the hooking place, especially when a tractor is aggregated with agricultural machines characterized by high draft force.
Keywords: soil; environmental safety; agricultural crops; cultivation; adaptive agricultural technologies; complex mechanization.
Author Details: I. I. Gureev, D. Sc. (Tech.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Gureev I. I. Environmental Safety of Complex Mechanization of Agricultural Crops Cultivation Technologies. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 5. Pp. 62–64 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10515.