R. F. Baibekov, S. L. Belopukhov, I. I. Dmitrevskaya, L. B. Dmitriev
Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, ul. Timiryazevskaya, 49, Moskva, 127550, Russian Federation
Abstract. We compared the fatty acid composition of oils from fibre flax seeds (TOST-5, Pamyat’ Krepkova, Alpha, Zaryanka varieties), industrial hemp (YUSO-31, Surskaya varieties) and cotton (POSS-31 variety), harvested in 2015. Fat triglycerides were isolated from seeds by hexane extraction in Soxhlet extractor. Analyzes were performed 4 times. The sums of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from flax and hemp oils were comparable. Flax seed oil, compared to hemp and cotton seed oils, contained more oleic (C18:1) and linolenic (C18:3) acids: 19.38–22.83% and 49.55–53.59%, respectively. In hemp oil, their level was 13.38–13.49% and 15.20–17.83%, respectively; in cotton oil it amounted to 20.14 and 0.10%. Flax oil was characterized by a high content of linoleic (C18:2, [9Z, 12Z]) (14.84–15.72%) and cis-Vaccenic (C18:1) acids – 0.43–0.68%. The palmitic acid content in different types of oil varied widely: in flax oil it was 5.70–6.10%; in hemp oil it was 5.85% (Surskaya variety) and 10.74% (YUSO-31 variety); in cotton oil it was 22.4%. In cotton oil, the total content of unsaturated acids (73.79%) was lower than in flax and hemp oil by 12.06–16.60%. At the same time, it lacked linolenic acid (0.10%), and the major share of unsaturated acids fell on oleic and linoleic acids. By the type of acids contained in the oil, flax oil can be attributed to the omega-3 group; hemp and cotton oil can be attributed to the omega-6 group that is important for their identification, as well as for the breeding of these crops.
Keywords: fiber flax; technical hemp; flax oil; hemp oil; cotton oil; seeds.
Author Details: R. F. Baibekov, D. Sc. (Agr.), corresponding member of the RAS, prof.; S. L. Belopukhov, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); I. I. Dmitrevskaya, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof., head of department; L. B. Dmitriev, Cand. Sc. (Chem.), prof.
For citation: Baibekov R. F., Belopukhov S. L., Dmitrevskaya I. I., Dmitriev L. B. Comparative Characteristics of Fatty Acids Composition in Oil Lipids from Industrial Crops Seeds. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 6. Pp. 62–65 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10615.