S. N. Filatova, Z. A. Yanchenko
Research Institute of Agriculture and Ecology of the Arctic – Branch of the Federal Research Center Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the SB RAS, ul. Komsomolskaya, 1, Norilsk, 663302, Russian Federation
Abstract. This paper presents data on the natural forage lands of the river Suringda (Evenkiya) with an area of 3,400 hectares. This information is used for assessing the possibility of seasonal grazing of domestic deer. The typology, geo-referencing, structure and composition of the vegetation cover of deer pastures are given considering the distribution and correlation in the landscape, economic stock, deer-carrying capacity and the possibility of seasonal use. According to the life forms prevailing in the vegetation cover (trees, bushes, shrubs, grasses and lichens), the following four types of pastures were identified: forests (45%), light forests (35%), bushes (15%) and meadows (5%). Forest (including larch forest with fir-cedar undergrowth and bush-moss-lichen cover and fir-birch larch forest with bush-lichen-moss cover) and light forest (including dwarf birch light forest with bush-moss-lichen cover, pine-fir-birch larch light forest with shrub-moss-lichen cover and birch light forest with shrub-lichen-moss cover) types are dominated. Shrubs are represented by dwarf birch thicket with herbal-lichen-moss and shrub-moss-lichen cover, while the meadows are characterised by sedge-grass-herbal associations. In the snow period, high deer carrying capacity of 10–20 deer-days per 1 ha (dd/ha) is characteristic of all types of light forests, shrub-moss-lichen larch forest with fir and cedar undergrowth and dwarf birch thicket with shrubs, moss and lichen, due to high indicators of lichen feed of the latter. In the surveyed area, for larch forests with shrubs-moss-lichen cover and fir and cedar undergrowth and pine-fir-birch-larch light forest with shrubs-moss-lichen cover, the maximum deer-carrying capacity (19 and 20 dd/ha) was identified in the late autumn. In the summer and early autumn, a high deer-carrying capacity (from 8 to 16 dd/ha) was observed in all types of dwarf birch thicket (herbal-lichen-moss and shrub-moss-lichen), whereas this value was high in the late spring for mixed pine-fir-birch-larch light forest with shrubs-moss-lichen cover (8 dd/ha). The share of pastures in summer and winter seasons is shown to reach 25% and 75%, respectively, with about 60% of the latter being accounted for forests and light forests. A significant economic stock (60–130 kg/ha) and a high deer-carrying capacity (12–20 dd/ha) during the snow period provides the possibility of supplying much larger livestock of domestic deer compared to the current number with natural feeds present in these territories.
Keywords: Evenkiya; taiga zone; vegetation cover; deer pastures; deer carrying capacity; season of use.
Author Details: S. N. Filatova, junior research fellow, (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Z. A. Yanchenko, Cand. Sc (Biol.), director.
For citation: Filatova S. N., Yanchenko Z. A. Natural Forage Lands of the Suringda River Valley (Evenkiya, Taiga Zone). Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 7. Pp. 51–55 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10713.