Phosphorus Balance and Provision of Leached Chernozem with It depending on a Crop Rotation, Tillage Methods and Fertilizers in the Forest-Steppe of Altai Ob Region

V. I. Usenko, S. V. Usenko, T. A. Litvintseva, A. A. Shcherbakovа, I. A. Kobzevа
Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies, Nauchnyi gorodok, 35, Barnaul, 656910, Russian Federation

Abstract. The phosphorus balance and provision of soil with this mineral element were studied in a field crop rotation and at a wheat monoculture depending on the tillage and fertilizers in the forest-steppe area of the Altai Ob region in 2001–2018. The experimental design included two factors: tillage method (factor A) and fertilizers (factor B). Factor A included no-till; shallow subsurface cultivation at the depth of 14–16 cm; deep subsurface cultivation at the depth of 25–27 cm). For fertilizers three options were examined: without fertilizers; P(21–25); N(27–40)P25). These options were studied in the wheat monoculture or the crop rotation: fallow (rape for oilseeds against the background of no-till), wheat, oats, wheat, pea, wheat. The soil was medium loamy leached chernozem with a humus content of 3.8%, the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Chirikov’s method) of 200 mg/kg and 180 mg/kg, respectively, and pH(salt) of 6.15. The cultivation of crops without fertilizers and with straw embedded led to a negative balance of phosphorus in the soil. It amounted to 11–14 kg/ha per year. In the cases of shallow and deep tillage, its deficit increased in comparison with the no-till option. In the crop rotation, its deficit increased compared to the monocrop. The annual application of P(21–25) or N(27–40)P25 ensured a positive balance of the element of 6–9kg/ha per year with an intensity of 136–182%. In the crop rotation, the variation of the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer depended on the tillage method (37.7%), fertilizers (39.8%), and interaction of factors (22.5%), while its content in the subsurface layer depended on the tillage method (55.1%), and fertilizers applied (40.4%). Meanwhile, in the case of wheat monoculture, the phosphorus content in the arable layer was determined solely by the interaction of the factors (88.0%); its content in the subsurface layer depended on the tillage technique (43.9%), fertilizers applied (18.4%) and the interaction of these factors (37.7%). Against the background of deep cultivation, the provision with mobile phosphorus was higher by 15–25 mg/kg (7.4–12.3%) than against shallow tillage and no-till, and with application of fertilizers it was higher by 17–29 mg/kg (8.7–14.6%), in relation to the option without fertilizers.

Keywords: mobile phosphorus; phosphorus balance; leached chernozem; tillage; fertilizers; crop rotation.

Author Details: V. I. Usenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S. V. Usenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; T. A. Litvintseva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; A. A. Shcherbakovа, research fellow; I. A. Kobzevа, research fellow.

For citation: Usenko V. I., Usenko S. V., Litvintseva T. A., Shcherbakovа A. A., Kobzevа I. A. Phosphorus Balance and Provision of Leached Chernozem with It depending on a Crop Rotation, Tillage Methods and Fertilizers in the Forest-Steppe of Altai Ob Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 10. Pp. 14–17 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-11003.