V. I. Usenko, S. V. Usenko, T. A. Litvintseva, A. A. Shcherbakovа, I. A. Kobzevа
Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies, Nauchnyi gorodok, 35, Barnaul, 656910, Russian Federation
Abstract. The phosphorus balance and provision of soil with this mineral element were studied in a field crop rotation and at a wheat monoculture depending on the tillage and fertilizers in the forest-steppe area of the Altai Ob region in 2001–2018. The experimental design included two factors: tillage method (factor A) and fertilizers (factor B). Factor A included no-till; shallow subsurface cultivation at the depth of 14–16 cm; deep subsurface cultivation at the depth of 25–27 cm). For fertilizers three options were examined: without fertilizers; P(21–25); N(27–40)P25). These options were studied in the wheat monoculture or the crop rotation: fallow (rape for oilseeds against the background of no-till), wheat, oats, wheat, pea, wheat. The soil was medium loamy leached chernozem with a humus content of 3.8%, the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Chirikov’s method) of 200 mg/kg and 180 mg/kg, respectively, and pH(salt) of 6.15. The cultivation of crops without fertilizers and with straw embedded led to a negative balance of phosphorus in the soil. It amounted to 11–14 kg/ha per year. In the cases of shallow and deep tillage, its deficit increased in comparison with the no-till option. In the crop rotation, its deficit increased compared to the monocrop. The annual application of P(21–25) or N(27–40)P25 ensured a positive balance of the element of 6–9kg/ha per year with an intensity of 136–182%. In the crop rotation, the variation of the content of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer depended on the tillage method (37.7%), fertilizers (39.8%), and interaction of factors (22.5%), while its content in the subsurface layer depended on the tillage method (55.1%), and fertilizers applied (40.4%). Meanwhile, in the case of wheat monoculture, the phosphorus content in the arable layer was determined solely by the interaction of the factors (88.0%); its content in the subsurface layer depended on the tillage technique (43.9%), fertilizers applied (18.4%) and the interaction of these factors (37.7%). Against the background of deep cultivation, the provision with mobile phosphorus was higher by 15–25 mg/kg (7.4–12.3%) than against shallow tillage and no-till, and with application of fertilizers it was higher by 17–29 mg/kg (8.7–14.6%), in relation to the option without fertilizers.
Keywords: mobile phosphorus; phosphorus balance; leached chernozem; tillage; fertilizers; crop rotation.
Author Details: V. I. Usenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S. V. Usenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; T. A. Litvintseva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; A. A. Shcherbakovа, research fellow; I. A. Kobzevа, research fellow.
For citation: Usenko V. I., Usenko S. V., Litvintseva T. A., Shcherbakovа A. A., Kobzevа I. A. Phosphorus Balance and Provision of Leached Chernozem with It depending on a Crop Rotation, Tillage Methods and Fertilizers in the Forest-Steppe of Altai Ob Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 10. Pp. 14–17 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-11003.