A. S. Popov
Agrarian Scientific Center “Donskoj”, pos. Nauchnyi gorodok, 3, Zernograd, 347740, Russian Federation
Abstract. he purpose of the research was to study the dependence of moisture provision of durum winter wheat crops on the forecrops. The work was conducted in 2010–2018 in the Rostov region. The research material was the varieties of durum winter wheat Aksinit, Kremona, Amazonka, Agat Вonskoy, Kurant, Kristella, and Lazurit. The soil of the experimental plot was typical chernozem with a humus content of up to 4%, NO3 content of 15–25 mg/kg, P2O5 content of 20–30 mg/kg, and K2O content of 320–400 mg/kg. The forecrops were pea and bare fallow. In 2010–2013 the moisture provision of crops was characterized as insufficient (HTС = 0.76); in 2013–2016, it was characterized as optimal (HTС = 1.2); in 2016–2018, a slight drought was registered (HTС = 0.67). Before sowing after bare fallow, the conditions were favourable for timely seedlings. In case of sowing after pea, they appeared only after precipitation. By the seedling phase, the reserve of productive moisture in the arable layer after bare fallow increased to 38.9 mm; after pea, it increased up to 29.0 mm, which was 13.8 mm and 16.5 mm more than when sowing. The highest content of productive moisture was noted during the resumption of spring vegetation. In case of using bare fallow as a forecrop, it was at a good level (144.6 mm); in case of using pea as a forecrop, it was at a satisfactory level (136.2 mm). In the years with favourable moistening regime (2013–2016), the impact of forecrops decreased (the difference between the yield in the experimental options was 0.17 t/ha); in the years with insufficient moisture regime (2010–2013 and 2016–2018), it increased (the difference was 1.0 t/ha). In case of cultivation after bare fallow, moisture consumption (403–442 mm) was higher than after pea (353–400 mm). Under arid conditions, the accumulation of productive moisture became more important by the time of sowing, while regardless of its reserves, the yield depended on weather conditions during the growing season. The share of precipitation in the total water consumption for bare fallow was 87–92%; for pea, it was 76–82%.
Keywords: durum winter wheat (Triticum durum Desf); forecrops; productive moisture; moisture provision; yield.
For citation: Popov A. S. Moisture Availability of Winter Durum Wheat Crops during Cultivation after Various Forecrops. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 11. Pp. 10–13 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-11102.