K. Sh. Kazeev1, G.V. Mokrikov2, Yu. V. Akimenko1, M. A. Myasnikova1, S. I. Kolesnikov1
1Southern Federal University, prosp. Strikes, 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
2Don State Agrarian University, ul. Krivoshlykova 24, pos. Persianovskii, Oktyabr’skii r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346493, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the studies was to assess the impact of long-term use of no-till technology (direct sowing, zero technology) on the ecological state of the southern chernozems in the Rostov region. For comparison, we studied an agrocenosis with traditional soil cultivation technology based on moldboard ploughing and a virgin plot with natural steppe vegetation. On the surface of soils processed by no-till technology, a deep mulch layer was formed from the residues of last year’s crops and forecrops. The bulk density of the soil varied from 1.06–1.19 g/cm3 in agrocenoses with close-growing crops to 1.28–1.34 g/cm3 in fields with row crops. In the areas with traditional cultivation and natural vegetation, bulk density was 1.18 g/cm3. No-till technology had a positive effect on such physical parameters of chernozem as penetration resistance and structural-aggregate state. We revealed a high dependence of penetration resistance on soil moisture (r = -0.90). In the soil of no-till fields, the intensity of carbon dioxide emission was 2.5–37.0 times higher than in the area cultivated by traditional method; the humus content was 0.12–0.75% higher; the activity of dehydrogenases and invertases was 40% and 22% higher, respectively. In the same option, a more significant differentiation of the humus content along the soil profile was revealed. In the experiment, the highest number of bacteria and the highest enzymatic activity of the soil were observed in the virgin area. In cultivated soils, the number of bacteria was 1.1–1.2 times lower and practically did not differ among options. Long-term use of no-till technology had a beneficial effect on the fertility and ecological state of the southern chernozems, which somewhat brought their properties closer to those of the steppe soil.
Keywords: direct seeding; fertility; biological activity; physical properties of soils.
Author Details: K. Sh. Kazeev, D. Sc. (Geogr.), prof. (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); G. V. Mokrikov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), assoc. prof.; Yu. V. Akimenko, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), assoc. prof.; M. A. Myasnikova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), lecturer; S. I. Kolesnikov, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of department.
For citation: Kazeev KSh, Mokrikov GV, Akimenko YuV, et al. [The influence of no-till technology on the ecological state of the southern chernozems in the Rostov region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(1): 7-11. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10101.