A. A. Slobodchikov
Siberian Research Institute of Plant Growing and Breeding, branch of the “Federal Research Center the Institution of Cytology and Genetics”, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. S-100, zd. 21, a/ya 375, pos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskii r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study the peculiarities of the phytosanitary situation in the crops of 5 varieties of common spring wheat bred in Siberia and to determine the effect of plant protection products on their yield and the main elements of its structure to optimize the variety protection system. The work was performed in the forest-steppe part of the Western Siberia Ob region in 2017–2019. The soil was leached medium loamy chernozem. The experiment with the use of bare fallow was conducted 4 times; the area of the experimental plot was 29.7 m2. The seeding rate was 6 million germinating seeds/ha. Seeds were treated with Inshur Perform fungicide, SC (0.6 L/t); Espero insecticide, SC (0.1 L/ha) was used in the phase of 2–3 leaves and at the beginning of the earing phase together with Abacus Ultra fungicide, SC (1.5 L/ha). In the tillering phase, the crops were treated with a tank mixture of an anti-dicotyledonous herbicide and graminicide. Obskaya 2, Sibirskaya 17, and Sibirskaya 21 varieties were relatively resistant to powdery mildew; Sibirskaya 17 and Sibirskaya 21 were less susceptible to wheat thrips. Novosibirskaya 18 was the least affected by ordinary root rot and Phyllotreta vittula, but was the most susceptible to frondiferous diseases and in-stem pests. The conditions of the year were a determining factor in the yield formation (influence share was 75%). The highest yield was registered in 2018 (5.36 t/ha); in 2017 and 2019, it was 1.7 times and 1.2 times less, respectively. The less influence was exerted by phytosanitary products (10%) and varietal characteristics of wheat (5%). When using phytosanitary products, the grain yield of the varieties increased on average by 0.10–0.84 t/ha. In all variants of the experiment, the highest yield was obtained from Sibirskaya 17 (3.74–4.58 t/ha), Sibirskaya 21 (3.90–4.70 t/ha), and Obskaya 2 (4.01–4.86 t/ha) varieties; the lowest yield was obtained from Novosibirskaya 31 (3.40–4.33 t/ha) and Novosibirskaya 18 (3.46–4.23 t/ha) varieties.
Keywords: spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); variety; yield; fungicide; insecticide; diseases; pests.
Author Details: A. A. Slobodchikov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Slobodchikov AA. [The influence of plant protection products on the yield of spring wheat varieties]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(2):10-4. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10202.