Factors determining the formation of protein homeostasis in calves in the neonatal period

E. A. Kalaeva¹, V. N. Kalaev¹, K. A. Efimova¹, A. E. Chernitskii², V. A. Safonov^3
1Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl., 1, Voronezh, 394018, Russian Federation
²All-Russian Research Veterinary Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy, ul. Lomonosova, 114b, Voronezh, 394087, Russian Federation
³Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, ul. Kosigina, 19, Moskva, Russian Federation

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors determining the formation of protein homeostasis in healthy and pneumonia-infected calves during the first month of life. The studies were conducted in the Novousmansky district of the Voronezh region in the spring-summer period of 2016. We examined 30 calves of Holstein red-motley breed aged from 1 to 28 days born from cows without pronounced obstetric and extragenital pathology in the period from May 2016 to June 2016. Of them, 23 calves were clinically healthy and 7 calves were diagnosed with bronchopneumonia. We did not register the loss of cattle among sick animals. Factor analysis was performed according to the recommendations of Kulachev. Relations between the variables were determined using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The most significant (general) factors were identified based on the scree plot analysis. The third week of life was a critical period in the formation of protein homeostasis in calves. The maturity of cellular protein-synthesizing systems determined the state of animal health in this period and forecasts for the near future. The animals diagnosed with pneumonia did not form a separate group in the space of the main components. This suggests that changes in the studied characteristics of protein metabolism in the calves were a consequence, not a cause of pneumonia. We identified three main factors affecting the indicators of protein metabolism in the neonatal period. Factor 1 was interpreted as a component aimed at maintaining the amount of protein at a level specified in the first day of life. Factor 2 determined the intensity of protein catabolism. Factor 3 influenced the number of transcriptionally active nucleolar regions of chromosomes and reflected the de novo protein synthesis rate.

Keywords: bronchopneumonia; urea; total protein; calves; factor analysis; nucleolus-forming chromosome regions.

Author Details: G. E. A. Kalaeva, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. N. Kalaev, D. Sc. (Biol.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); K. A. Efimova, post graduate student (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. E. Chernitskii, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. A. Safonov, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).

For citation: Kalaeva EA, Kalaev VN, Efimova KA, et al. Factors determining the formation of protein homeostasis in calves in the neonatal period. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(3):66-70. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10313.