S. I., Tyutyunov, V. D. Solovichenko, A. S. Tsigutkin, I. V. Logvinov
Belgorod Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the RAS, ul. Oktyabr’skaya, 58, Belgorod, 308001, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research was conducted to study the effects of various technological factors on the reproduction of soil fertility. Field multifactor experiment was conducted in 1987 under conditions of the Belgorod region. The design of the experiment was full factorial. In the experiment, we studied four factors: crop rotation, primary tillage method, organic fertilizers, and mineral fertilizers. The crop rotations were grain-grass-row (GGR), grain-row (GR), and grain-fallow-row (GFR), including 20%, 40%, and 60% of row crops, respectively. Primary tillage methods included mouldboard, subsurface, and minimal cultivations. The doses of organic fertilizers were zero (without fertilizers), single and double dose (40 t/ha and 80 t/ha, or 8 t and 16 t litter cattle manure per hectare of crop rotation area under sugar beet once per rotation). The doses of mineral fertilizers were zero (without fertilizers), single and double dose. In the GGR crop rotation, an average single dose per ha was N42P62K62, in the GR crop rotation, it was N62P62K62; in the GFR crop rotation, it was N54P62K62. We present the data on changes in the humus content in the arable and subarable soil layers during the fourth crop rotation. Without the use of organic fertilizers and when the crop rotation was saturated with row crops, the humus content in the arable soil layer decreased, compared with the initial value, by 0.04–0.27%. We noted an increase of this indicator for all options of the GGR crop rotation. In the row crop rotations, a deficit-free balance of organic matter was achieved when manure was applied at the rate of at least 8 t/ha of crop rotation area. The use of manure in the amount of 16 t/ha of crop rotation area provided a positive balance of humus. Without organic and mineral fertilizers, in the options of minimal and subsurface tillage, the humus content in the soil was higher than in the ploughing option: in the GGR crop rotation, it was higher by 0.02–0.06%; in the GR crop rotation, it was higher by 0.13–0.17%; in the GFR crop rotation, it was higher by 0.15–0.16%.
Keywords: soil; humus; fertility; biologization of agriculture; crop rotation; tillage; mineral fertilizers; organic fertilizers; arable soil layer; subarable soil layer; full factorial design of the experiment; four-factor experiment; method of split plots.
Author Details: S. I. Tyutyunov, corresponding member of the RAS, D. Sc. (Agr.), director; V. D. Solovichenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; A. S. Tsigutkin, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); I. V. Logvinov, agronomist.
For citation: Tyutyunov SI, Solovichenko VD, Tsigutkin AS, et al. [The influence of soil cultivation methods, mineral and organic fertilizers in various crop rotations on the humus content in typical chernozem]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(5):7-12. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10501.