V. I. Chinarov
Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst, pos. Dubrovitsy, 60, Podol’skii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 142132, Russian Federation
Abstract. We calculated the population of cattle of the main breeds raised in the Russian Federation on the basis of data on the breed structure of valuated cattle and the distribution of pedigree cattle breeding over the regions. To assess their competitiveness, we used the data from yearbooks on dairy and beef cattle breeding in the farms of the Russian Federation for 2018. Livestock was evaluated according to the indicators characterizing productivity and expanded reproducibility. Comparative assessment of dairy and beef cattle breeds in terms of a set of economically useful traits showed a high productive potential of livestock raised in breeding farms. The share of pedigree dairy cattle in agricultural organizations and private farms was 30.9%; in beef farms, it was 17.4%. The effectiveness of a breed in dairy farming increased with decreasing age at first calving and increasing the duration of productive use. Yakut cattle, mountain cattle of Dagestan, Red Gorbatov, Suksun, Kostroma, Simmental, and Bestuzhev breeds were distinguished in terms of productive longevity (4 calvings and more). Among the total controlled livestock, the best milk yield for 305 days of lactation showed Holstein (8905 kg), Swedish red (8406 kg), and Danish red (7782 kg) breeds; the best calf yield showed Tagil (98%), Red Gorbatov (94.9 %), and Bestuzhev (89.9%) breeds. In meat breeds, Limousin, Charolais, Mandalong Specials, and Aberdeen Angus breeds were distinguished by high milk yield (230 kg and more). The highest calf yield per 100 cows at weaning was characteristic of the Gray Ukrainian (92 calves), Kalmyk (85 calves), and Angus Aberdeen (84 calves) breeds. At the same time, the cattle of the Obrak, meat Simmental, Limousin, Charolais, and Hereford breeds were the best in terms of the growth intensity of young animals surpassing other breeds by 100 g per day or more.
Keywords: dairy cattle breeding; beef cattle breeding; breeds; breeding resources.
Author Details: V. I. Chinarov, D. Sc. (Econ.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Chinarov VI. [Resources of Russian cattle breeding]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(7):80-5. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-10714.