V. K. Dridiger, R. G. Gadzhiumarov, E. A. Yagovitova
North-Caucasian Federal Scientific Agrarian Center, ul. Nikonova, 49, Mikhailovsk, Stavropol’skii krai, 356241, Russian Federation
Abstract. The study aimed to determine the effect of harvesting winter wheat using the brushing method on productivity and performance of harvesters, uniformity of the distribution of crop residues over the field surface, economic efficiency of harvesting, and the possibility of using this method in no-till technology. In the experiments, winter wheat was harvested by direct combining and by brushing plants using ACROS-530 harvester. In the first case, the machine was equipped with ZHU-7 reaper allowing for mowing, crushing, and distributing plant residues over the surface of the field (conventional method); in the second case, the machine was equipped with a special Slavyanka reaper with a working width of 7 m, which allowed harvesting by the brushing method. The studies were conducted using conventional methods at Khleborob LLC, Petrovsky District, Stavropol Territory, in 2018–2019. The total loss of grain for both methods of harvesting moisture-conditioned products was at the same level and amounted to 0.50–0.53%, which is below the permissible values. Plant brushing increased the productivity of the harvesters in the harvested area and threshing grain by 49.5% while the fuel consumption per 1 ton of threshed grain and the cost of harvesting decreased by 24.6% and 14.6%, respectively. At the same time, the uniformity of distribution of winter wheat plant residues over the surface of the field in this option was much better than when using the conventional harvesting method. Using the brushing method for winter wheat harvesting reduced the harvesting time by 30% or reduced the need for harvesters by 33%.
Keywords: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); no-till technology; harvesting; plant brushing; plant residues; harvester performance; economic efficiency.
Author Details: V. K. Dridiger, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); R. G. Gadzhiumarov, head of laboratory; E. A. Yagovitova, post graduate student.
For citation: Dridiger VK, Gadzhiumarov RG, Yagovitova EA [Harvesting winter wheat by brushing plants using no-till technology]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(10):78-84. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-11012.