V. V. Novokhatin1, V. A. Dragavtsev2
1Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Urals - a branch of the Federal Research Center of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, st. Burlaki, 2, item. Moscow, Tyumensky district, Tyumen region, 625501, Russian Federation
2Agrophysical Research Institute, Grazhdanskii pr., 14, g. Sankt-Peterburg, 195220, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were conducted in 1984–1986 in five ecological zones of Kazakhstan: on irrigation, semi-supplied and unsupplied dry lands in the southeast, in the southern forest-steppe, and dry-steppe zones in the north and northeast of the Republic. By the common methods, we conducted an ecological variety testing of 20 lines and three compared varieties that we selected in competitive variety trials. The standard was Saratovskaya 29. The algorithms for ecological genetic selection were finalized in 1998–2019. The use of rank correlation coefficients and assessments of the varieties’ reaction on the conditions of the interaction environment made it possible to determine the similarities and differences in the effects of different sets of gene products on productivity traits under different trends of the limiting environmental factors. A highly similar course of action of the gene products that determine the yield of crops in the studied zones was noted for supplied and semi-supplied dry lands (r=0.695), irrigation and dry steppe conditions (r=0.593). The values of the correlation of indicators in irrigated zones and the southern forest-steppe were less pronounced (r was up to 0.411). In a completely different way, gene product sets controlled the yield when comparing the southern forest-steppe with both dry land zones (r was up to -0.359). We conducted phenotyping of seven genetic and physiological systems (GPS) for 23 genotypes. These systems determine the productivity of these varieties. We also identified a group of parents with at least one GPS with the maximum positive contribution to the yield; we established strong and weak GPS for each line and variety and compiled parental couples. Potentially high yields on irrigated soils were shown by Lutescens 15612-13-77 (Kazakhstanskaya 10), Lutescens 1245-47-79, Lutescens 1211-14-79, Lutescens 3334-98 (Kazakhstanskaya 12), and Lutescens 1203-31-79 (Lutescens 70) – 5.06–5.57 t/ha. The best drought resistance on unsupplied dry land among early-ripening varieties was shown by Lutescens 1227-8-79 (Kazakhstanskaya Rannespelaya), Lutescens 1203-71-79, and Lutescens 1203-31-79 (1.6–1.66 t/ha); among mid-ripening varieties, we distinguished Lutescens 3334, Lutescens 3334-98 (Kazakhstanskaya 12), and Lutescens 1226-14-79 – 1.75 t/ha.
Keywords: common spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); variety; genotype; ecology; variety testing; productivity; plasticity; yield homeostasis.
Author Details: V. V. Novokhatin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. A. Dragavtsev, D. Sc. (Biol.), chief research fellow, member of the RAS (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Novokhatin V. V., Dragavtsev V. A. [Scientific substantiation of the ecological and genetic breeding of common spring wheat]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(12):39-46. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-11206.