V. A. Zakharenko
Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”ul. Agrokhimikov, 6, pos. Novoivanovskoe, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 143026, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies aimed to economically assess the risks of mycoses and the effectiveness of their management taking into account the peculiarities of the manifestation of the diseases in Russia. As a source of initial data, we used statistic data for 1984–2018 as well as information from the Russian Ministry of Agriculture for 2016–2018 on the risks of the spread of crops’ mycoses in the country. Thirty years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, despite a reduction in the cultivated area by more than 40 million hectares, the Russian agricultural sector has restored; the productivity of agroecosystems of strategically important crops also increases. Agriculture in the undeveloped areas intensifies but a narrow specialization in the cultivation of cereals and industrial crops entails increasing risks of pathogen infestation. The factors that hinder the implementation of the tasks of ensuring food security in accordance with the doctrine are the spread and increase in the harmfulness of mycoses (73 species). In Russia, 5,241,000 hectares under cereal crops are vulnerable to Septoria blight, which may decrease their productivity by 30%. For powdery mildew, the values of these indicators are 3,340,000 hectares and 20%, respectively; for leaf rust, they are 1,926,000 hectares and 17%, respectively. In total, for three mycoses, the average yield loss for the country can be 24.03%, which with an average grain yield of 2.7 t/ha is equal to 0.65 t/ha, or 5,700 rubles/ha in monetary terms. On average for the country, the containment of epiphytotics with the use of fungicides can provide a net profit of 2,751 rubles/ha for cereal crops and up to 15,450 rubles/ha for industrial crops with a profitability level from 152.66% to 435.21%, respectively.
Keywords: crops; mycoses; epiphytotics; territorial levels; technique; technologies; fungicides; economic efficiency.
Author Details: V. A. Zakharenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Zakharenko VA. [Economics of assessing the manifestation of mycoses and anticipating epiphytotics of strategic crops]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2020;34(12):95-8. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2020-11216.