I. I. Gureev, L. B. Nitchenko, V. A. Lukyanov, I. A. Pruschik
Kursk Federal Agricultural Scientific Center, ul. Karla Marksa, 70 b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to determine the dependence of the winter wheat yield and soil fertility on the doses of mineral fertilizers, crop rotations, and elements of the field relief under conditions of the Central Chernozem Region. The work was performed in 1987–2020 in the Kursk region. In a three-factor field experiment, we studied the effect of three gradations of relief elements, three crop rotations, and three doses of mineral fertilizer on the yield of winter wheat and the humus content in the soil. The soil of the experimental site was typical medium loamy chernozem. For the first time, we have derived adequate nonlinear equations for the dependence of the yield of winter wheat on the level of application of mineral fertilizers, relief elements, and crop rotation, which allow us to perform in-depth analysis and plan crop production under various conditions. The maximum yield of winter wheat in the experiment was registered after bare fallow in a grain-fallow-row crop rotation – 3.90 t/ha, which was 9.5–17.8% higher than after perennial grasses of the 1st and 2nd years of use. In rotations with favourable hydrothermal conditions, the average crop yield was 3.82 t/ha; under dry conditions, it decreased by 13.5%. The average content of humus in the soil during the period of the study decreased from 6.10% to 5.49%. The use of mineral fertilizers contributed to the growth of this indicator by 0.02–0.09%. Grain-grass and grain-grass-row crop rotations, as well as a favourable hydrothermal regime in the years of rotation, had a positive effect on its accumulation. We found out that it is preferable to place the crop on the watershed plateau because this increases the resistance of crops to unfavourable climatic effects. Mineral fertilizers in medium and high doses increased the yield of winter wheat in proportion to the amount applied, up to N40P80K80, but the minimum grain cost in the experiment (5.03 thousand rubles/t) was noted on the watershed plateau in grain-fallow-row crop rotation in the option with the norm N20P40K40.
Keywords: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); yield; watershed; slope; mineral fertilizers; crop rotation; humus; economic and ecological efficiency.
Author Details: I. I. Gureev, D. Sc. (Tech.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); L. B. Nitchenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. A. Lukyanov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); I. A. Pruschik, junior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Gureev II, Nitchenko LB, Lukyanov VA, et al. [Winter wheat yield and soil fertility under conditions of the Central Chernozem Region]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021;35(5):22-7. Russian. doi: 10.24411/0235-2451-2021-10503.