R. A. Khakimov
Samara Federal Research Scientific Center RAS, Ulyanovsk Scientific Research Agriculture Institute, ul. Institutskaya, 19, pos. Timiryazevskii, Ul’yanovskii r-n, Ul’yanovskaya obl., 433315, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies aimed to assess the effectiveness of the pre-sowing and post-sowing application of mineral fertilizers for winter wheat cultivated after different forecrops. The work was performed in 2017–2020 in the Ulyanovsk region on leached heavy loamy chernozem. The medium reaction of the soil on the experimental site was close to neutral (pH(KCl) was 6.3–6.5 units); humus content (according to Tyurin) was 6.5%; contents of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium (according to Chirikov) were 185–216 mg/kg and 80–85 mg/kg, respectively. The experiment design provided for the study of the following options: forecrop (factor A) – bare fallow, sown fallow; pre-sowing complex fertilization (factor B) – 0, N33P33K33, N46P46K46; post-sowing nitrogen fertilization (factor C) – 0, N34 in autumn, N34 in early spring, N34 in early spring + N34 in the booting phase + N15 in the earing phase. Agrometeorological conditions in the seasons 2017–2018 and 2019–2020 were favourable; in the season 2018–2019, they were unfavourable. Field germination after bare fallow was 79.7–82.7%; after sown fallow, it was 76.3–80.8%. The maximum grain yield in the experiment (5.00 t/ha) was registered after bare fallow against the background of pre-sowing application of N46P46K46 and three nitrogen top dressings and was higher than in the absolute control by 1.62 t/ha. Pre-sowing use of N33P33K33 and three foliar nitrogen dressings led to high grain quality indicators such as gluten content (32.7%), protein (13.9%), the weight of 1,000 grains (40.8 g). Post-sowing nitrogen fertilization during the growing season was economically more efficient than pre-sowing fertilization: net operating income was 26,091 and 18,126–22,185 rubles/ha, respectively; profitability was 136.5% and 86.4–151.8%, respectively.
Keywords: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); forecrop; fertilizers; yield; grain quality.
Author Details: R. A. Khakimov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Khakimov RA [Influence of forecrops and mineral fertilizers on yield and grain quality of winter wheat]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2021;35(12):16-22. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2021_35_12_16.