T. V. Voloshenkova, V. K. Dridiger, R. F. Epifanova, A. A. Kalashnikova, O. V. Timokhina
North-Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center, ul. Nikonova, 49, Mikhailovsk, Shpakovskii r-n, Stavropol’skii krai, 356241, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were carried out in 2019-2021 on ordinary chernozem of the Central Ciscaucasia to identify the effect of no-till technology on the formation of a surface that is resistant to wind destruction. We studied the dynamics of the structure of the upper (0-5 cm) soil layer in four-course rotations with two crop cultivation technologies – traditional (with tillage recommended by scientific institutions) and no-till (without tillage with direct sowing of crops). Two peaks of ordinary chernozem dispersion were recorded – in early spring, especially after a winter with little snow, and during the harvesting of grain crops, when the content of the deflationary dangerous fraction increased by 1.5-2.0 times. The no-till technology formed a more stable and deflationary-safe topsoil structure. In almost all years of research, dispersion when using traditional technology was 1.1-4.3 times higher than in the variant with no-till. At the same time, against the background of cultivated soil, the number of particles with a diameter of less than 1 mm often approached the upper limit of stability (50%), and even significantly exceeded it under winter wheat crops. Large soil aggregates using the No-till technology did not have an angular-spherical shape, as on the treated soil, but were flat plates of various configurations up to 1.5-2.0 cm thick, formed as a result of gluing crushed plant residues with small topsoil particles. It also helped to increase the resistance of the surface to wind damage. In the no-till option, a protective screen was formed on the soil surface from crop residues. During the years of research, after harvesting peas, 2.54-3.85 t/ha of crop residues remained in the fields, after winter wheat – 3.69-4.98, after sunflower – 4.92-7.15, after corn – 4.96-6.58 t/ha. This amount of stubble was enough to prevent wind erosion at medium wind speeds.
Keywords: structure; anti-deflation properties; ordinary chernozem; no-till technology.
Author Details: T. V. Voloshenkova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow, head of laboratory (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V. K. Dridiger, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of research group; R. F. Epifanova, leading research fellow; A. A. Kalashnikova, junior research fellow; O. V. Timokhina, research fellow.
For citation: Voloshenkova TV, Dridiger VK, Epifanova RF, et al. [Influence of no-till technology on the structure and anti-deflationary properties of ordinary chernozem in the Central Ciscaucasia]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(9):20-5. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_9_20.