The reaction of barley to acidification of typical chernozem

A. A. Zavalin¹, N. Ya. Shmyreva¹, O. A. Sokolov¹, S. V. Lukin², A. S. Avilov², D. A. Sokolov^3
1Pryanishnikov All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry, ul. Pryanishnikova, 31 a, Moskva, 127434, Russian Federation
²Center of Agrochemical Service «Belgorodsky», ul. Shchorsa, 8, Belgorod, 308027, Russian Federation
³Institute of physical, chemical and biological problems of soil science. ul. Institutskaya, 2, Pushchino, 142290, Russian Federation

Abstract. The studies aimed to determine the parameters of the use of fertilizer nitrogen and the fluxes of this mineral element in the soil during the cultivation of barley and acidification of typical chernozem. The work was carried out in a micro-field experiment (vessels without a bottom measuring 45 cm × 23 cm, depth 30 cm) under the conditions of the Belgorod region with two soil types with different acidity (pH(KCl) 6.5 and 5.0). In the experiment, barley of the Explorer variety was grown. The experimental design provided for the introduction of nitrogen mineral fertilizer (urea with an initial enrichment in the isotope 15N 17.7 at. %) and organic fertilizer (livestock wastes from the pig-breeding complex N(tot) 0.21%) separately and jointly against the background of Р3К3 (g/m2). When used independently, nitrogen mineral fertilizer and livestock wastes were applied in doses of 3.0 g N/m2, in the variant with joint application – 1.5 g N/m2 of each fertilizer. The largest amount of soil nitrogen in the experiment, regardless of the reaction of the soil solution, was consumed by barley during the introduction of livestock wastes. When soil was acidified to pH(KCl) 5.0, fertilizer nitrogen consumption decreased by 10-17%, soil nitrogen – by 9-17%, runoff nitrogen – by 14-15%. At the same time, fertilizer nitrogen immobilization decreased by 4-15%, and gaseous nitrogen losses increased by 1.3-3.0 times. The smallest amount of fertilizer nitrogen in the experiment was lost when livestock wastes were applied. Their use increased the stability of agrophytocenosis by 2.4-2.5 times due to the additional supply of carbon. The largest barley yield in the experiment was formed when pig-breeding effluents were introduced at pH(KCl) 6.5. Acidification of chernozem to pH(KCl) 5.0 reduced the yield of barley grain by 8-13%, straw – by 7-10%; protein content in grain – by 0.1-0.2%.

Keywords: typical chernozem; barley (Hordeum vulgare); nitrogen isotope 15N; acidification of chernozem; livestock wastes from pig-breeding complex; fertilizer nitrogen balance; soil nitrogen; stability of agrophytocenosis; productivity; protein content in grain.

Author Details: A. A. Zavalin, member of the RAS, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N. Ya. Shmyreva, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O. A. Sokolov, D. Sc. (Biol.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S. V. Lukin, D. Sc. (Agr.), director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A. S. Avilov, chief soil scientist (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); D. A. Sokolov, post graduate student (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).

For citation: Zavalin AA, Shmyreva NYa, Sokolov OA, et al. [The reaction of barley to acidification of typical chernozem]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2022;36(11):5-9. Russian. doi: 10.53859/02352451_2022_36_11_5.