S. V. Lisitsyn, S. M. Ahmetshin, O. A. Belov
Center of Agrochemical Service “Chuvashskii”, ul. Tsentral’naya, 1, pos. Opytnyi, Tsivil’skii r-n, Respublika Chuvashiya, 429911, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to monitor the main indicators of the soil fertility in the Chuvash Republic. The data analysis for 1965–2016 was performed. Agrochemical examination of soils was carried out annually on 140–190 thousand hectares of agricultural land. The average soil sample consisted of 20 soil samples taken from an area of 13–15 ha. The average weighted content of organic matter (humus) in arable soils of the Chuvash republic since the 3rd to the 5th cycle of the research (1979–1993) was stable and corresponded to the average degree of provision (4.3%). In subsequent years this indicator decreased by 0.2–0.3%. As of January 1, 2017, it was registered a decrease in the average content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in arable soils by 18 and 20 mg/kg of soil, respectively, compared with the maximum, achieved in the late twentieth century. The positive dynamics of the main indicators of soil fertility in the middle of the second half of the twentieth century was determined by using a large amount of chemicals in agricultural production: in 1986–1992 the rate of application of mineral fertilizers reached 148 kg/ha; the rate of application of organic fertilizers reached 6.2 t/ha of arable land. Since the beginning of 1990s, the rate of their application reduced more than 6 times and 3.5 times respectively that naturally led to a worsening of the situation. The 1965–1989 large-scale chemical reclamation increased pH value from 5.4 to 5.6 units. The value remains at this level so far. The arable soils of the republic are poor in such elements as manganese and sulfur whereas the content of boron and copper are mostly high. The concentration of heavy metal salts in the examined soils was lower than maximal permissible and approximate permissible concentrations.
Keywords: fertility monitoring; agrochemical examination of arable soils; arable land; mobile phosphorus; exchange potassium; degree of acidity; humus; trace elements; heavy metals; nutrient balance.
Author Details: S. V. Lisitsyn, acting director (Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S. M. Ahmetshin, department manager; O. A. Belov, chief agrochemist.
For citation: Lisitsyn S. V., Ahmetshin S. M., Belov O. A. State and Dynamics of Arable Soils Fertility in the Chuvash Republic. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2019. Vol. 33. No. 4. Pp. 31–34 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10408.