A.M. Yemelyanov, A.I. Dorzhiev
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Summary. Starting from the 1990s, in connection with the reorganization of agriculture in the Republic of Buryatia, the area of arable land in dry steppe zones decreased by more than 300 thousand hectares, which had a negative impact on the volume of forage. Natural meadow formation of abandoned arable land is a long and inefficient process. The Buryat Agricultural Research Institute RIAhas been conducting field experiments since 2008 to build on these lands productive agrocenosis by seeding perennial grass varieties of local selection – changeable alfalfa (Medicago varia), Stepnyachka, crested wheatgrass (Agropyrum cristatum), Ivolginsky 68, slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulon), Hutel and smooth brome (Bromopsis inermis), Ostaninskii, which are differing by their yields and resistance to extreme hydrothermal conditions. Chestnut soil, powdery carbonate. Humus content in the A groin 1,5% P2O5 13,5-20,5 mg, K2O 3,0-4,8 mg. In 100 g of soil. Agrometeorological conditions of the vegetation period in 2010-2011 – very dry, in 2009 – dry, in 2008 and in 2012 – relatively favorable. Results from field experiments show that the transformation of abandoned arable land in grasslands based on the proposed technology allows you to receive in an average of 4 years in grass mixtures of bluegrass 1,4-1,8 t/ha of hay, in alfalfa-bluegrass grass mixtures 1,8-2,0 t/ha of hay. During the years of research alfalfa yield increases to 3,7 t/ha, and bluegrass culture yield remains at 2,0 t/ha. The introduction of nitrogen fertilizers by 60 kg of active ingredient provides yield increase for bluegrass cultures up to 1,0-1,2 t/ha (37,6-42,6 %), alfalfa – 0,4 t/ha (15,3 %), alfalfa-bluegrass mixtures – 0,8-0,9 t/ha (31,8-34,6 %). The recommended technology, development of withdrawn from circulationarable land, transformed in meadow agrocenosis,is an essential source of increased forage production and improvement of quality.
Keywords: plough land, meadow, perennial grasses, wheat grass, alfalfa, biocenosis, fertilizer, hay, yield, quality.