L.P. Galeeva
Novosibirsk State Agrarian University
E-mail: liub.galeeva @yandex.ru
Summary. In the field study the effect of various green manure on leached Chernozem fertility and crop yield of grain cultures of crop rotation. Leached сhernozem had the following agrochemical indicators: humus content - 6.92%of the total nitrogen and phosphorus - 0,277 and 0,191%, respectively, pH 7,17. The number of exchange base amounted to 34.5 mg-eq./100 g of soil, of which 84% were in calcium. The content readily available (I) and rolling (Q) phosphorus - 0.16, and 105,8 mg/kg (low and high availability respectively), exchange of potassium - 136,7 mg/kg ( high security). The plan of experience included options: pure steam; green manure (peas+oats); green manure (phacelia); green manure (rape+mustard). The amount of precipitation during the vegetation period (may - september) for 67% of years of research were similar or the same rate, and the average temperature during all the years corresponded to a multiyear average, or exceeded it 0.7-1.4 degrees C. It was found that phacelia of all green manure crops (peas and oatmeal mixture, phacelia and a mixture of rape+mustard) accumulated in their green mass of most of nitrogen, potassium and calcium. After embedding into the soil with the green mass of green manure in the topsoil, it was received 70-80 kg/ha of nitrogen, which the balance in 5-7 times higher than that in pure couple. The accumulation of phosphorus in green mass was nearly the same in all green manure crops - 12-15 kg/ha and created a deficit in the soil in the amount of 50-80 kg/ha of potassium in green mass of green manure culture accumulated the most - 60-140 kg/ha. Green-manure supported the contents and stocks of humus in the soil layer 0-20 cm at the level of 6.7-7.2% and 137-144 t/ha, respectively. Improve the qualitative composition of humus leached chernozem, increasing the ratio of CH:Cf from 1.3 to 1.5 in comparison with pure steam. The highest yield of grain crops in the rotation obtained while growing their сидеральному couple with фацелией - 25,4 centner/hectare.
Keywords: green-manure, green manure pair, fertility, mixture of peas+oats, California Bluebell, a mixture of rape+mustard, humus, elements of power, balance, crop rotation, crop yield.