A.V. Komissarov1, H.M. Safin1, M.A. Ghigulev2, I.N. Potapov2
1Bashkir State Agrarian University
2FGBU «Management «Bashmeliovodhoz»
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Summary. Researches were carried out for the purpose of explanation of an irrigation influence on sugar beet productivity in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Work was performed in the period from 2011 to 2013 on the experimental field of water-balance station FGBU Bashmeliovodkhoz. The soil cover of experimental site is presented by the leached chernozem. Object of researches was sugar beet of Dominica cultivar. Sprinkling irrigation watering by means of KI-5 were carried out at a decrease in humidity of a settlement layer of soil (0-50 cm) not lower than 65% of the smallest moisture capacity. The worst moisture security conditions during the critical period (July – August) of water consumption of sugar beet on not irrigated site (lack of readily available moisture in the soil within 47 days) were observed in 2012 when the smallest productivity – 31.8 tons per hectare were received; the best conditions (lack of readily available moisture in the soil within 18 days) – in 2013 year when productivity was the greatest – 42.5 tons per hectare. Optimization of a water mode of the soil under sugar beet by an irrigation of 1150-1650 m3/hectare allows to increase productivity of sugar beet to 57.5-63.4 tons per hectare. For emergence of even sprouts of sugar beet at absence or a low rainfall after seeding it is necessary to carry out the first watering at the end of the third decade of may by 300 m3/hectare, and in the subsequent until the end of August maintain humidity of the soil not lower than 65% of NV by watering of 500-600 m3/hectare. The specified mode of an irrigation of sugar beet allows to receive 13.6 thousand rubles of net income from each hectare.
Keywords: irrigation, sugar beet, productivity, quality of a forage, chernozemlixiviousl, properties of soil, hydrothermal factor of Seljaninov, water-balance station, irrigation norm, economic efficiency.