E.A. Semenova
Far East State Agrarian University
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Summary. Soybean is one of the major crops of the Amur region, which is often exposed as a deficit (mainly in the third week of May), and the excess moisture in the soil (usually in July and August), which limits the size and quality of the crop. Purpose – to explore the quantitative and qualitative changes in the electrophoretic spectra of leaves G. max and G. soja, under the influence of excess and lack of soil moisture. Electrophoretic spectra enzymes was determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel at Davis. The leaves of the variety and Lydia form КА-1344 revealed multiple molecular forms of peroxidase with Rf 0,02; 0,10; 0,46 and catalase with Rf 0,04; 0,24, which are found in all versions of the experiment, in all phases of development soya. Change the electrophoretic spectra of peroxidase and catalase influenced excessive and insufficient soil moisture depended on genotype of soybean development phase and duration of stressing factor. Prolonged soil moisture led to the appearance of the leaves G. max and G. soja (phase boboobrazovaniya ) highly mobile forms of peroxidase with Rf 0,60 to 0,76 and forms catalase srednedvizhuschihsya: Lydia cultivar with Rf 0,21 and form КА-1344 with Rf 0,32; 0,40. Electrophoretic spectra revealed changes, more pronounced in wild soybean. Soil drought during the growing period, contributed to the reduction of heterogeneity electrophoretic spectrum of catalase, which is associated with a strong damaging effect of this stressor. In phase boboobrazovaniya cultivar Lydia disappear form with catalase activity 0,14; 0.50, in wild soybean – 0,54. The observed heterogeneity of individual forms of peroxidase and catalase may have adaptive value and used in test systems for assessing the sustainability of soybean to water stress.
Keywords: soy, multiple molecular forms of enzymes, peroxidase, catalase, and the lack of excess soil moisture.