V.F. Kaminskyi1, D.V. Livinov1, N.L. Sharonova2
1National Research Centre «Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine»
2Tatar Research Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences
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Summary. The purpose of research was to establish quantitative indicators of organic matter cycling and biogenic elements in short-term crop rotations. Investigations were carried out on the basis of long time experiment during 2004-2011 years, on the Panfily experimental station of the National research centre «Institute of agriculture of the national academy of agrarian sciences of Ukraine». Soil – black soil typical shallow with low humus content. According to researches it was defined that most of the biomass of cereal crops (67…91 %) alienated with the harvest of the field, and 9 ... 33% of this biomass returns to the soil with plant residues, except for perennial grasses that have 57% biomass residues. Total amount of nutrients entering the soil with plant residues after legumes (clover, alfalfa) is – 201 kg-ga, including 140 kg-ga of nitrogen, 26 kg-ga of phosphorus and 35 kg-ga of potassium. In leguminous crops and cultivated crops the amount – returned into the soil was 52...85 kg-ga , including 28...52 kg-ga of nitrogen, 6...14 kg-ga of phosphorus and 18...30 kg-ga of potassium. Biomass yield in crop rotations with different structures and cultures is set for 4-fields and 5-fileds crop rotations – 46...63 t-ga, 3-fields – 34...41 t-ga, 2-fields – 17...20 t-ga. With the harvest of biomass from the field alienated 67...76, 70...71 and 83…81%, respectively and the rest returned to the soil with plant residues. Among the studied 2-5- fields crop rotations in terms of quantity and quality of plant residues returning into the soil during the period of rotation the best parameters were marked with perennial grasses : biomass yield and its amount returned to the soil with plant residues, including the roots –- 33%, the share of biomass alienated – 67%.
Keywords: plant biomass, organic substance, plant nutrition elements, short-term crop rotation.