L.M-H. Bikkinina, H.A. Aliev
Tatar Research Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences
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Summary. Preservation and restoration of agronomically valuable structure in agricultural soils are carried by agronomic techniques – the sowing of perennial grasses, reducing ploughing treatment, applying organic and mineral fertilizers, acid soils liming. Traditional technology of liming requires two operations: surface application and equal penetration of lime in the soil. The highest efficiency is achieved by liming in equal contact the soil particles with meliorant units throughout the depth of the plow layer. However, the traditional technology meliorant applying (ploughing) in the first 1-2 years does not always provide the full effect. The field trials have shown that meliorant applying with ploughing doesn’t not provide its equal distribution through the layers as meliorant falls to the bottom of the soil. Only after a few years there is a decrease of arable soil acidity horizon. Researching the influence of different methods of liming on the structure of dolomite powder leached black soil was conducted on the base of the experimental field. Applying meliorant into the lower part of soil horizon (10...20 cm) increases relatively content of large and small particles (the fraction 0, 25...10, 0 mm) by 7, 2% in comparison with control. While meliorant is located in the upper soil layer (0...10 cm) number of agronomically valuable aggregates increased by 14, 1% in comparison with control. While meliorant applying with ploughing the number of aggregates with size more than 0,25 mm increased in the soil layer 10...20 cm increased by 50,0% in comparison with control, 0 ... 10 cm – 32,0 % , while surface applying: 18,2 % and 50,2 % respectively. Increase in the total number of water-stable aggregates caused by meliorant applying was mainly due to the newly formed particles from 0,5 to 0,25 mm of size and methods of liming affected their quantitative distribution in soil layers. Soil structure in variants with liming was also significantly higher in comparison with control and respectively depended on the distribution of agriculturally valuable particles.
Keywords: liming, lime fertilizer, dolomite powder, meliorant structurally-aggregate composition, leached black soil.