N.A. Tkachenko1, N.Sh. Khisamutdinov2, L.M-H. Bikkinina2
1National research centre «Institute of agriculture of the national academy of agrarian sciences of Ukraine»
2Tatar Research Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Summary. The aim was to study the influence of different doses of making calcium carbonate and saponite, on the structure of the gray forest soils SAC exchange cations in case of intensive use as arable land for effective fertility reproduction. Multifactorial stationary experiment geographically situated in the central part of Kiev region, village Chabany and maintained since 1992 on gray forest coarse-loamy soil. Researches were carried out upper three fields of 7-field rotation during 2005-2012. Replicability - 4x, sown area of 60 m2(10×6), accounting – 24 m2(6×4). In the experiment, we studied the effect of various doses and forms of lime materials, organic fertilizers and their combinations on the properties of gray forest soil. Fertilizers were calculated based that single dose was 164 kg NPK per 1 ha. Lime and dolomite flour were added in 1992 by baseline of hydrolytic acidity in each version, which was investigated again before the start of the third rotation (2005) using defecate and saponite (saponite clays (Mg3[Si4O10](OH)2 × nH2O) from the deposit Tashkivskoe Slavutsko district, Khmelnitsky region). Established that in the not fertilized soil, there is a tendency to reduce the content and the proportion of calcium and magnesium, increase the hydrogen content in the soil-absorbing complex up to 50%. Mineral fertilizers promoted the process of acidification and increased loss of calcium exchange for 20 years, the relative content of calcium in the structure of the exchange cations SAC in 2012 amounted to 42.6% in the presence of 47% hydrogen. It is shown that the enrichment of the soil absorbing complex with magnesium, calcium, potassium and micronutrients by adding a complex of calcium carbonate (defecat) and saponite together prevents the degradation of ligh tgranulometric composition of Forest-steppe acid soils, increases their cation exchange capacity and absorption capacity.
Keywords: сomplex chemical melioration, saponite, defecation, soil absorbing complex, exchangeable cations, gray forest soil.