T.K. Sheshegova, L.M. Shchekleina
North-East Agricultural Research Institute
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Summary. Results of studying of viability of different infectious structures (sclerotia, conidia, ascospores) of ergot under influence of some preventive actions, fungicides, and bio-agents are stated in the article. Investigations were conducted in North-East Agricultural Research Institute in 2010-2013 years in field and laboratory (in vitro, in vivo) experiments.Viability of sclerotia of different years of harvesting was studied under input into sod-podzolic soil in the depth from 2 up to 20 cm. Protective properties of fungicides Vincit (standard), Redut, Alkasar, Turion, and Vial Trast were studied by inhibition of sclerotia germination and formation of necks. Specific interactions of two-component associations of conidia stages of Sphacelia segetum with strains L-30 Flavobacterium fulvii and A-4 Streptomyces hydroscopicum were studied in vitro with aim to find micromycetes – antagonists for ergot. Viability of sclerotia and ascospores is about 100% at 0…20 cm depth, but stroma of screlotia can reach soil surface from not more than 10 cm depth. Number of forming stroma with fruit organs is decreased with increasing of depth at all sclerotia that caused decreasing of infectious load. Viability of fresh-gathered sclerotia is about 90-100% but at one-year storage– only 10%. The highest biological efficiency (75% in laboratory and 90% in field) is revealed for new preparation Turion, KS, passing register tests. The number of stroma at viable sclerotia under its applying is less than 1,5. Vincit had lower efficiency (10,0 and 12,5%).The number of stroma at sclerotia treated with this preparation was higher than in control (without treatment) or in other test variants. It testified ability of compensation of death of single sclerotia by high infectious load due to other viable sclerotia. Preparation Redut KS had average level of efficiency (20,0 and 45,5%). Strong antagonistic relations are established in biosystem Sp. segetum – A4 St. hydroscopicum that is of interest to use this strain as a bio-agent for control of a conidial stage of cereals’ ergot.
Keywords: winter rye, ergot, sclerotia, conidia, ascospores, viability, chemical fungicides, bio-agents, pretreatment, biological efficiency.