I.E. Likhenko, D.P. Zybchenko, V.I. Zamiralova
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Summary. Influence of the seeding coefficients (from 2.5 to 8.5 million germinating grains per 1 ha) on the formation of the yield of coenosis of spring soft wheat varieties of various categories of ripeness was studied under arid conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The maximum of the average yield was obtained at 5,5 – 6,5 million per 1 ha sowing rate. Under conditions of moderate drought in 2011, the highest productivity gave the varieties Polyushko, Novosibirsk 15 (early ripening), Fortune, Novosibirsk 44 (middle-ripening), Siberian 12 (mid-late) at sowing rate 6.5 million per 1 ha. The variety Belle (mid-ripen) gave the maximum yield after sowing rate of 4.5 million per 1 ha, the varieties Memory Vavenkov and Novosibirsk 29 (mid-early) – at 5.5 million per 1 ha, Novosibirsk 31 (mid-early) – at 7,5 million per 1 ha. The absolute maximum of yield in the experiment gave Novosibirsk 31 at sowing rates 7.5 and 8.5 million germinating grains per 1 hectare. On average for all the coefficients the highest yield gave Memory Vavenkov and Novosibirsk 29. Novosibirsk 15 and Novosibirsk 44 followed them. In extremely dry 2012 year the highest yield on average for all sowing rates gave Memory Vavenkov, Polyushko and Luck. Memory Vavenkova gave higher yield than that of other varieties at almost all sowing rates (except 7.5 million) and the yield increased from 2.5 million to 5.5 million. This fact allows to recommended for the variety the sowing rate not more than 5.5 million per 1 ha. Novosibirsk 44 gave non-significantly less yield than the mentioned varieties. Other varieties gave significantly less harvest. An analysis of the yield structure allowed us to the specific conditions of experiments to group the studied varieties on genotypes that form their productivity by their high productive tillering, and genotypes that have high-productive ear. The first group includes the varieties Novosibirsk 15, Novosibirsk 44, Novosibirsk 29, Polyushko and Memory Vavenkova. These varieties have the highest rates of productive tillering and the values of productive stalks density in the variants with the highest yield. The second group includes such varieties as Novosibirsk 31, Siberian 12 and Belle. These varieties form their high yield thank to their large ear with high seed set.
Keywords: coefficient of sowing rate, wheat, yield, drought, tillering, stalks density, the productivity of the ear.